Cyberbullying And Traditional Bullying Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is a relatively new threat, and it is very similar to traditional bullying. Despite the fact that cyberbullying and traditional bullying both share the common goal of harassment, cyberbullying differs from traditional bullying in that it does not stop at the schoolyard, and can continue when the victim is far away from the aggressor. It is just as devastating as common bullying, and sometimes is even more damaging. Professors Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin note in their journal, â€Å"Cyberbullying Creates Dangerous Stress and Anxiety†, that cyberbullying affects anywhere between 10-40% of students (contingent on their age group) (par. 1). J.D. Kelly A. Albin, in her article â€Å"Bullies in a Wired World†, defines cyberbullying as â€Å"†¦the ‘willful and repeated harm inflicted through use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices’† (157). It is caused by the fact that children feel their actions are mitigated when they use social media, as it creates the illusion of indirectness, and its effects range anywhere from mild depression to suicide. Hinduja and Patchin state that: †¦it is often easier to be cruel using technology because cyberbullying can be done from a physically distant location, and the bully doesn t have to see the immediate response by the target. In fact, some teens simply might not recognize the serious harm they are causing because they are sheltered from the victim s response (par. 6) This is a logical cause for cyberbullyingShow MoreRelatedTraditional Bullying and Cyberbullying1260 Words   |  6 Pagesactions of bullying to hurt others they felt as a threat or to be in the â€Å"in crowd† of popularity. Traditional bullying was physical and thus confined to face-to-face contexts. However, with the development of widespread social interaction via social media websites, email, and text-messaging, teens have additional avenues of expression and, as a result, other means of bullying. Over time the bullying taking place using digital means has come to be known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has broughtRead MoreCyberbullying versus Traditional Bullying1690 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been around since the beginning of time. Parents may remember when they were kids and the bully would pick on them or their friends by stealing lunch money or just getting beat up, and that was the end of it. The victims remember the hurt, frustration, and sadness it caused. However, these days, bullying is not just happening on the playground or at the bus stop, it is happening on the Internet and on cell phones, making it possible to bully a child 24 hours a day with multiple bulliesRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Common Than Traditional Bullying Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Bullying? â€Å"Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance† (Stopbullying.gov). Bullying can include making threats to someone to scare them, spreading false rumors about someone, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a grou p on purpose. The bullies, the ones who are bullied, and the bystanders are all victims, specifically teenagers. Females are more vulnerable to bullies because they areRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyberbullying And Other Types Of Traditional Bullying1138 Words   |  5 Pages Before one can understand cyberbullying, he or she must first know the signs and characteristics of traditional bullying. According to Nansel (2001) and Olweus (1993), bullying is characterized by intentional behavior that is meant to cause pain, both physical and emotional, to another person due to an imbalance of social or physical power. There are two forms of traditional bullying: direct and indirect. Direct bullying is characterized by physical attacks, such as hitting and kicking; it isRead MoreCyberbullying Is Becoming More Of A Problem Than Traditional Bullying998 Words   |  4 PagesCyberbullying is becoming more of a problem than traditional bullying, more kids are getting social media and bullying others each and every day. This type of bullying continues to grow with the amount of technology that is coming out into the world. Cyberbullying does not get taken as serious as traditional bullying. It is becoming a huge problem in this day in age and needs more attention than it is getting. Social media is a huge factor for this type of bullying to take place. Nobody takes itRead MoreDoes Cyberbullying Have The Same Negative Effects On Traditional Bullying? Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Research Question Does cyberbullying have the same negative effects as traditional bullying? Thesis Statement Cyber Bullying has the same negative effects as Traditional Bullying. Introduction The goal of the research reports is to compare and contrast the effects of cyberbullying against those of traditional bullying. The research finds that cyberbullying does have the same effect as traditional bullying, but to a greater extent. ReviewingRead MoreCyberbullying: The New Form Of Bullying. When Sending Our1661 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying: The New Form of Bullying When sending our children to school we expect them to be able to learn without distractions, but bullying makes that impossible. Bullying has been recognized as a problem for school children globally. In fact, school bullying has proven to be a risk factor for suicide, which has been identified as one of the top causes of death among teens (Erick Messias, 2014). Now that bullying and its importance has been acknowledged as a critical concern, several preventionRead MoreCyberbullying : A Behavioral Pattern That All Cyberbullies Share? Essay1668 Words   |  7 Pages CYBERBULLYING: IS THERE A BEHAVIORAL PATTERN THAT ALL CYBERBULLIES SHARE? Stewart, Marissa â€Æ' Abstract This study investigates some of the different behaviors that are portrayed by cyberbullies, and whether or not cyberbullying is another main type of bullying. Cyberbullying is defined as aggression that occurs through modern technological devices, and specifically mobile phones or the internet (Slonje, R. Smith P.K. 2008). â€Å"Bullying† is often defined as being an aggressive, intentional act orRead MoreCyberbullying Behaviors, By Nadine M. Connell1787 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences in Cyberbullying Behaviors,† written by Nadine M. Connell1, Natalie M. Schell-Busey, Allison N. Pearce, and Pamela Negro, the topic of cyberbullying is discussed. Their research focuses on whether or not there’s a correlation between cyberbullying and gender. Research on bullying suggests that traditional bullying occurs between males and includes participation in physical acts, while females engage in more relational attacks. However, when it comes to cyberbullying, the gender thatRead MoreCyberbullying, An Online Harassment Of Children By Others1581 Words   |  7 Pages Rather be Bullied or Cyberbullied Abstract: Cyberbullying is an online harassment of children by others. The works of Patchin, Shariff, and Willard, all prominent researchers in the study of cyberbullying. They found issues related to cyberbullying that can be understood. Most cyberbullying instances happen at home and is often brought to the school campus. School systems are left unsure of how to response to the bullying while balancing legal and ethnic responsibilities. Students across the nation

Pros And Cons Of Army Simulations Theory - 1553 Words

Abstract Overview/Summary of Both Articles (naming the Article Titles and Authors) This paper explores four published articles published in relation to the theory presented by Raymond A. Noe in Employee Training Development. All four articles were published online (Internet) and compared to Noe’s text offline (non-Internet). The topics discussed are the pros and cons of Army Simulations and the virtual training environment of today’s soldiers. Three of the four articles confirm Noe’s opinion of the value added (both monetarily, as well as, the ability to train in situations that would not be possible to train for in real life) of virtual simulations (Sims) in the Army training environment. The fourth article, however, shows a flaw with†¦show more content†¦But the cost is much less than the hourly cost of taking helicopters out of service to teach pilots† (Noe, 2017). Below are outside articles that either agree with the overall opinion of Noe, or disagree with certain aspects. According to Raymond A. Noe in Employee Training Development, the world of virtual simulations in the U.S. Army is not only cost efficient, but also a training tool that allows soldiers to â€Å"focus on important safety issues and emergency procedures that are impossible to replicate† (Noe, 2017) in real life events. This theory is repeated by many. David Vergun interviewed Maj. Mike Stinchfield, chief of the Training Innovation Facility, Army National Simulation Center, Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas for MilGaming Online. In this article, Vergun states, â€Å"Simulators are cost-effective in terms of fuel and maintenance, and they also allow trainers to simulate variables that are dangerous and costly to simulate in real life: weather conditions, difficult terrain and enemy attacks.† (Vergun, 2016). Simulations are used all across the world to train soldiers of all ranks in basic, and advanced, procedures. For example, Virtual Battlespace 3 (VBS3) is used at most military installations in the United States. VBS3 is used primarily to support dismounted patrols and convoy operations; as it is a 3DShow MoreRelatedTheme Of The Disneyland Of Consciousness1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Disneyland of Consciousness is the ability for an individual to explore the animatronics image that is aided by certain stories of other people’s experiences in the mechanical man-like machine. Is Consciousness physical? Explain your answer (pro or con). Be sure to substantiate your argument. Yes. Human consciousness is indeed physical based on its awareness of one’s existence. Researchers identify a network of three specific regions in the human brain that are believed to be a reason for physicalRead MorePtsd2558 Words   |  11 Pagesinvolved in memory and mood regulation, treatments that target glutamate pathways should be tested for efficacy in PTSD† (qtd. in Chedekel). Accidently, ketamine has already been proven to help with the battle of PTSD. Several years ago, the United States Army had reported that soldiers who received ketamine as an anesthesia for post-war surgery were less likely to develop PTSD. The regularity of PTSD in patients who received ketamine was about 26 percent to the 46 percent of soldiers who did not receiveRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessouthwestern frontiers, and continued in regular labor and artisanal migrations associated with markets, skilled trades, and transportation work. The mass military movements and devastation of the Yangtze Valley in the 1850s and 1860s, as well as the roving armies of the 1910s and 1920s, created mass mobility in their own right, not only in terms of the soldiers who were conscripted and then demobilized far from their homes (often draining areas of the young men who might otherwise have been potential migrants)Read MorePortable Manual Cell Phone Charger9744 Words   |  39 Pagesthermoelectric generator for cell phones. Their research and development of a 1 W thermoelectric generator for cell phones is a physical model that contains cylinder-shaped catalytic heat source that processes a catalytic combustion of gas fuel. A computer simulation method was then used to determine optimal parameters of the thermopile, catalytic heat source, and microgenerator heat rejection system whereby the efficiency of gas combustion heat conversion into electrical energy was a factor of two higher comparedRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesreflect on the contributions which Michael Bromwich has made. He played an important role in the diffusion of modern practices of capital investment appraisal in the United Kingdom. He has been constantly open to the insights which adva nces in economic theory can provide into the accounting art, in many areas pushing at the frontiers of international knowledge in his own quiet way. In the area of costing, Michael has undoubtedly deepened our understandings of both conceptual and practical issues, in recentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 103 Emotional Labor 108 Affective Events Theory 110 Emotional Intelligence 112 The Case for EI 113 †¢ The Case Against EI 114 †¢ Emotion Regulation 115 OB Applications of Emotions and Moods 115 Selection 116 †¢ Decision Making 116 †¢ Creativity 116 †¢ Motivation 117 †¢ Leadership 117 †¢ Negotiation 117Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesA Note on Terminology The special terminology of European semiotics and structural linguistics may be unfamiliar to many American readers. It is impossible to give full definitions of all the terms that occur in this book without discussing the theories behind them at considerable length. It is hoped, simply, that the following explanations will give the reader a basic orientation. To accomplish this, references are provided to the key theoretical passages in the fundamental writings of linguisticsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesReferrals and Recommendations 138 External Searches 139 Advertisements 139 Employment Agencies 140 Schools, Colleges, and Universities 142 Job Fairs 143 Professional Organizations 143 Unsolicited Applicants 143 Preemployment Testing 160 Performance Simulation Tests 160 Work Sampling 160 Assessment Centers 160 Testing in a Global Arena 160 DID YOU KNOW?: Too Much Information 161 Comprehensive Interviews 161 Interview Effectiveness 162 Interview Issues 162 Interview Bias 162 Online RecruitingRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesExperience simulation gives you hands-on experience of strategic analysis and putting strategy into action Resources for instructors †¢ Instructor’s manual, including extensive teaching notes for cases and suggested teaching plans †¢ PowerPoint slides, containing key information and figures from the book †¢ Secure testbank containing over 600 questions †¢ Support for the Strategy Experience simulation with guidance on the aims and objectives of the simulation, and instructions on how to set up simulation groups

The Technological Revolution (2174 words) Essay Example For Students

The Technological Revolution (2174 words) Essay The Technological RevolutionThe Technological RevolutionTechnological Changes of the Past and PresentThe technology which surrounds almost everyone in the modern society, affects both work and leisure activities. Technology contains information that many would rather it did not have. It influences minds in good and bad ways, and it allows people to share information which they would otherwise not be able to attain. Even if a person does not own a computer or have credit cards, there is information on a computer somewhere about everyone. The technology which is just now beginning to be manipulated and harnessed is affecting the minds of small children and adolescents in ways that could be harmful. It is affecting our immediate future. It also gives another form of communication and exchange of information which was not available before, information that is both good and bad. Technology is one of the principal driving forces of the future; it is transforming our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history, with profound implications which we cant even begin to see or understand. Many different elements affect how satisfied we are with our lives. The impact of technology on these elements can change how safe, healthy and happy people feel. Throughout history, people have looked for better ways to meet their needs and to satisfy their expectations. Technology has improved the way people feed, clothe and shelter themselves. Technology has also changed other aspects of everyday life, such as health care, education, job satisfaction, and leisure time activities. People have used technology since they first chipped stone blades to improve their hunting. Yet some people call the current age the Technological Age because of societys dependence on technology. For the first time in human history, almost all the goods and services people use depend on technology. The products of technology are available to almost everyone in society. The economy of a country influences how the people of the county live. Technology is often considered the key to a nations economic growth. Most economists would say that it is one of the factors in economic growth, but they would probably disagree about its importance. Many economists think that if technology sparks growth in one sector of the economy in the form of increased productivity, growth will also occur in other sectors of the economy. Jobs may be lost in one industry, such as agriculture but new jobs may emerge in other sectors of the economy. There may be more jobs or, in some case, completely new kinds of jobs. Technology may also be used to solve urgent problems. Our growing population is using up infinite supplies of natural resources. Innovations in technology can allow for more efficient use of limited or scarce resources. More products might be made from the same amount of raw material using new techniques. Technology can increase productivity to help countries compete with other countries in selling goods and services. Some say that without technological improvements, the economy would grow slowly or not at all. Society could remain the same for years, some what like the early Middle Ages in Europe, in which there was little economic change for hundreds of years. Ways to manufacture goods have changed continuously through history. Today, several important new advances in technology are transforming. These technologies create new products; most of them also change the way people in society interact. These technologies have a tremendous impact on our monetary resources. Some of the technologies which are having the greatest effect on the economy are: robotics, automation and computerization. Robotics: Artificial IntelligenceAlthough robotics have a well-established position in the Japanese industry, it has not, so far, turned out to be what many experts thought it would. Businesses in the United States and Europe have not embraced industrial robots at nearly the rate of the Japanese, and other more consumer oriented versions are very much in the development phase. Even so, industry sources believe that the use of robots to make clothes and other consumer goods will be common by the turn of the century. This general trend (the use of robotics) is likely to change, perhaps dramatically, in the next two decades. Robots are in one sense collections of other more basic technologies: sensors, controlling and analysis software, pattern recognition capabilities and so on. Most all of these other technologies will make significant strides in capability, size, power requirements, and other design characteristics and the integration of these other advances should accrue directly to robotics. The Vision And Mission Of Airasia Business EssayComputerization: Extraordinary TechnologyComputers are used in most manufacturing industries today. Computers are used to automate processes in much faster ways . These can be office procedures such as word processing or bookkeeping, or production processes such as cutting and assembling clothes. Computers are becoming an important part of industrial design. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) are new terms which describe the important role computers have come to play in our industry. The wide use to computers has stimulated companies which manufacture the many parts needed to make and operate them. Some people, however feel that computer technology has gone too far. It may create problems such as machine errors in peoples records and banks and governments may gain access to private financial information. Computerization has made it easier for banks to keep track of individual baking transactions so charges for these have increased. Branch-bank employees worry that computers and automated tellers may replace people. While technological change has been a priority for banks over the last years, they also recognize the need to communicate in person with customers. Banks must manage money and data effectively but they must also maintain personal relations. Bank personnel may be assisted with computer and some services may work well when automated, but banks will probably never lose their staffs to machines. A new, information-technology-driven circle of growth has replaced the aging manufacturing ring and scarcely not many have noticed. The statistics that told us so much about the economys health during the 1920s to the 1980s are still treated with a reverence they no longer deserve. Thats why the experts have so much trouble explaining whats going on now. The prophets mumbled about the severity of the recession in industry; rising unemployment; a weakening currency. Now, statistics can be managed to produce all sorts of results. But no matter how you shake or stir them, the numbers show plainly that a New Economy, embodied and driven by technology, information and innovation, has emerged, with little fanfare, in the past decade. And though it would be impossible to tell from the general statistics, this New Economy is absolutely booming, with no peak in sight. Now with the new wave of the Internet minds of not only small children, but also adolescents and adults become influenced by this outside information. As the mind develops, things such as pornography is no longer the main concern. Now, because of the easy access to information, the fourteen years old who has just discovered that she failed ninth grade can find out how to make a bomb out of household detergents. As can the laid-off business man, the dumped boyfriend, and the deranged psycho. My general sentiment about technology, and the Internet are simple. In light of the history of mass communication, there is nothing we can do to protect any media from the sound byte or any other form of commercial poisoning. But, our countrys public opinion doesnt have to fall into a nose-dive of lies and corruption, because of it! Television doesnt have to be a weapon against us, used to sway our opinions or to conform to people who care about their own prosperity, not ours. With the power of a critical thinking education, we can stop being motivated by the sound byte and, instead we can laugh at it as a cheap attempt to persuade us and have a little fun with it. Technology is not all bad. The whole point of this is that people have to be sure that everyone is aware of all the good and bad aspects of technology. I feel that the advance of technology is a good trend for our society; however, it must be in conjunction with advances in education so that society is able to master and understand technology. In the future we may see many problems arising from this new wave of technology. Unemployment numbers will most probably rise, crime will increase, and We can be the masters of technology, and not let it be the masters of us. Technology

Effective Time Management-Free-Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: How New Employees Manage Time Management at Work. Answer: Effective time management is significant for the employees in an organisation to deliver desired results. It also directs new employees in the organisation to focus and facilitate the actions at work. Time management for the fresh talent in an organisation provides the rules, guidelines and strategies which help in managing the workload and in gaining skills to achieve the objectives. This also helps the employees in managing their expectations and in using the strengths and weaknesses which supports in meeting the deadlines. It also helps in setting up the schedule by avoiding the interruptions at work (Elsabahy, Sleem El Atroush, 2015). Time management for new employees helps in aligning the goals with the routine activities to derive maximum from the work done. Effective management of time is the key component for the success of the company. Managing time is not easy. It is a challenge for everyone at work. There are some tips which can improve time management in new employees and make easy for them to improve their time utilisation. Some of the strategies through which new employees can improve their time management at work are discussed below: Training plan for new employees: The employer can plan a training model for the new employees where they can be taught through a classroom training that how time should be utilised. The employees can improve their time management if proper time management training is given to them by the employer. It will help them in scheduling their tasks, activities and plans and it will ultimately help in meeting the expectations from the new employees (Odumeru, 2013). Provide clear directions: Clear directions should be provided to the employees at the time of joining. They should be made clear about the importance of delivery dates and deadlines. It should be ensures that the employees are clear about what is expected from them by the employer (Longe, 2015). Organising is fun: the new employees should be made comfortable and necessary equipments and support should be provided to them to encourage them to be on time and to understand the importance of time. Minimising the distractions: It is important for the employer to reduce distractions for the new employees so that they can focus on their work. It supports the new employees in showcasing their skills and abilities. The employees should also be advised to avoid using phones and other tools which blocks their time and affect their productivity (Adeojo, 2012). Communication: It is an essential element for time management. The employer should be in continuous communication with the new employees in order to avoid any hesitation and gaps. It will start putting the ideas and thoughts into actions and will help on scheduling their time which will contribute in completing the tasks on time (Elnaga Imran, 2013). New employees need help and support to understand their responsibilities. It makes them professional and efficient enough to take challenges. Time management is one such essential element which the new employees have to understand in order to contribute to the success of the organisation and to be more productive. References Adeojo, A. (2012). Effective time management for high performance in an organization Case: Lasaco Assurance PLC. Elnaga, A., Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), 137-147. Elsabahy, H. E., Sleem, W. F., El Atroush, H. G. (2015). Effect of Time Management Program on Job Satisfaction for Head Nurses.Journal of Education and Practice,6(32), 36-44. Longe, O. (2015). Impact of Workplace Conflict Management on Organizational Performance: A Case of Nigerian Manufacturing Firm.Journal of Management and Strategy,6(2), 83. Odumeru, J. A. (2013). Effective Time Management.Singaporean Journal of Business, Economics and Management Studies,2(1), 9-17.

7 negotiation tips for Millennials

7 negotiation tips for Millennials When you’re just starting out, negotiating may seem like some far-off point in your career: something you’ll do in your life eventually, like buy a minivan or start watching CBS procedural dramas. After all, you don’t have years of experience to use as leverage yet, right? Wrong! I don’t know how you feel about sensible family car choices, but negotiating in your work life is definitely something you should do now. There’s no magic rule that you must have a certain amount of experience or a particular level of work gravitas. And in fact, the more familiar you become with the process now, early in the game, the more potent your negotiation skills will be as you advance in your career.Why you should negotiateWhen employers make a job offer, they usually expect a little haggling these days. The offer may be at the lower end of a range for them, and why not? They have nothing to lose here: they have a good candidate on the line. If that person accepts t he offer straight away, they got a solid deal at the low end of the range. If that person negotiates up, the company is still likely within the scope of what they expected to pay. But it’s important to remember that you aren’t likely to lose much here either: as long as you negotiate reasonably and civilly, they’re probably not going to yank the job offer just because you tried to negotiate in the first place. And you do have the potential to make this sweet job offer even sweeter, either with more money or more perks.Negotiation also establishes a couple of things up front, before you even start the job: 1) that you’re a confident person who knows your worth; and 2) that you want to maximize your salary and benefits. The higher your starting salary is, the more you’ll be able to get when it comes to percentage-based raises and bonuses. Think of it as a professional investment that you can make now.When you should negotiateIt may be tempting to tal k about salary in a job interview, in a show of confidence- or even just curiosity to see if this job is going to be worth your while. Resist that urge. (And if the interviewer tries to sneak in their own stealth salary questions, here’s how to get around them.) Get past the application, the interview, the second interview, all of it†¦wait until you have a job offer in hand, with a salary attached as a starting point.Alternatively, you can negotiate when you already have a job, but feel ready for a raise or a promotion. Whatever the circumstance, it’s the same basic process: prepare, ask for what you want, and be ready for the back-and-forth.Tips for negotiatingLet’s look at some tips to help you build your negotiation skills and get ready to bargain with your employer. The more prep work you do now, the more ready you’ll be when it comes time- you don’t want to waste any time once you have that offer letter.1. Be prepared with an elevator pit ch.This is your headline, basically. Based on my previous experience managing social media, I was hoping to see a salary of $X. Your elevator pitch in this case summarizes why you’re worth the extra salary. I want and I need aren’t going to get you very far here- the employer isn’t concerned with what your preferences are. They want to make sure that you bring value in exchange for the extra salary bump or incentives added to your offer package. The more you emphasize those qualities in the negotiation process, the higher your chances of success.And this is especially important if you’re negotiating a raise at your existing job. The question of why is going to be one of the first you’ll need to tackle. Wanting a raise is all well and good (who doesn’t want one), but you need to show that you deserve it too.2. Be specific and realistic.This is where you should have a sense of what you’re worth. And I don’t mean that in a â€Å" my mom thinks I’m priceless† kind of way. I mean it in a â€Å"this is what people at my level in this field can make† kind of way. Once you know what you can reasonably expect, you can come up with specific dollar amounts as a counteroffer. Unrealistic counteroffers, just for the sake of seeing what you can get, are not likely to be met with success. Do your research- a search of similar positions on Glassdoor or Salary.com can often give you a good sense of what the market-level salary is for your new or current job. Use that knowledge to come up with a realistic range for your salary. It’s okay to reach a little in your counteroffer, but make sure it’s within a realistic range.3. Think outside the salary box.You know you can negotiate for more than just salary, right? When you get a job offer, you may also receive information on company policies, benefits, etc. Core benefits like insurance coverage and retirement savings plans may be set in stone , depending on your new company’s policies. However, you might be able to negotiate additional vacation or personal days, or work-from-home flex time. If the company seems pretty intractable on a salary bump, think about other ways you might be able to negotiate a more appealing package. But again, the key is being realistic. A junior employee is not likely to score an extra week of vacation up front, but if you think there’s wiggle room on time off, work that into your negotiation.4. Know what your limits are.Part of being realistic about your negotiation means having a dealbreaker in mind as well. It’s not defeatist to think about what could make you walk away from the negotiating table. You should decide ahead of time what your minimum is for this job. Maybe it’s the same salary as you make now. Or maybe you truly don’t want the job unless you can get a 2% raise over what you’re making now. Whatever the case may be, have that â€Å"last chance† number in mind before you get started. That way, if the negotiating drags on and you don’t see the company offering more than the bottom of your range, consider walking away and turning down the offer.5. Don’t panic.Once you’ve started negotiating, you may feel a little jumpy, like you overstepped your bounds. That can lead to accepting a counteroffer too quickly, just to get the process over with. If you’ve done your due diligence and have your range in mind, you know what you can realistically get. If the company indicates that they’re standing firm, then it’s time to accept (or reject) and move on.6. Keep it civil.A little confident swagger can be good when you’re negotiating. You know what’s not good? Threatening to take your ball and go home. It may seem like a baller move, but this is not the place to make ultimatums or threats. When you’re negotiating salary or a raise, both you and the company are d oing it in good faith, with the goal of finding an employment package that works for both parties. If you blatantly threaten to walk away if they don’t meet particular demands, then you just may find the job offer rescinded anyway. Or if you’re negotiating a raise and threaten to quit if you don’t get your way, you risk doing irreparable damage to your relationship with your boss and company. Always keep the tone civil and friendly, even when you’re making bold requests.7. Keep an eye on the clock.This isn’t necessarily a speed event, but you don’t want this to drag out. You want the job, and the company wants someone in the job as soon as possible. Try not to sit on any offer for more than a day without checking in with the company, or letting them know your decision timeline. When you get an offer, it’s fine to say, â€Å"I’d like to take a day to consider this offer. Is it okay if I get back to you on Wednesday?† Or à ¢â‚¬Å"I’m traveling this weekend. Okay if I let you know on Monday?† That way, the company knows you haven’t disappeared, and that you’re considering the next move.Negotiating is a process that you want to be familiar with as early in your career as possible. If you’re realistic and do your research, there’s no reason why you can’t be an advocate for your financial interests as a junior employee. Again, there’s no magic line where you can start negotiating, so why not now?

How Much House Can You Afford Learn to Calculate a Mortgage

How Much House Can You Afford Learn to Calculate a Mortgage SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re looking to buy a new home, then you’re likely asking yourself, how much house can I afford? How much mortgage can I afford, and what’s a reasonable monthly payment to take on? You don’t want to get in over your head, but you also don’t want to live in a shoebox in the middle of nowhere. Where does the balance lie? This guide will help you answer the question, "How much house can I afford?" based both on the numbers and your overall happiness. To begin, let's go over some general guidelines to consider when buying a home. Buying a Home: General Guidelines There’s a common misconception around buying a house, and it’s that you should buy the biggest and best house you can afford. However, the house you can buy and the house you should buy are not necessarily the same thing. Some banks will lead you right up to the precipice of spending when they offer you a mortgage. They’ll give you a loan that you can just afford to pay, but any big life changes, like getting fired or ill, could push you over the edge into bankruptcy. Not only is taking on the biggest mortgage you can financially risky, but it also may not do much for your overall life satisfaction. When it comes to house size and location, what we think we need and what actually fulfills us don't always match up. Figuring out the answer to "how much house can I afford" isn’t just about facts and figures. It also requires that you get introspective and strive to make the best financial and emotional decision based on your resources and needs. Before exploring issues of personal needs in greater depth, let’s take a look at the hard numbers. What percentage of your income should go toward housing payments? Deciding on a house is a balancing act between your financial and emotional needs. Key Rule of Thumb: Spend No More Than 30% of Your Income To figure out, how much home can I afford, the conventional wisdom tells us to spend up to 30% of our gross income on housing a year, or a little less than one-third. Gross income is what we make before taxes, not our actual take-home pay. We use gross income because the interest you pay on a mortgage is tax deductible. Regardless of whether you’re making $20k a year or $2 million a year, you should stick to this rule of thumb. You don’t want to overcommit to home ownership payments in case of an emergency, like losing your job or a costly injury. So, how can you calculate the house price that would correspond to 30% of your income? It's not just three times your income, because you have to consider total housing costs, which include the mortgage principal, mortgage interest, and general maintenance costs. Consider the example below. Remember the golden rule of real estate: spend no more than 30% of your annual income on housing costs. Estimating House Price: An Example You don't necessarily need a mortgage calculator to answer the question "how much mortgage can I afford?" When figuring out how expensive of a house you can buy, you can estimate that the lump sum house price can go up to roughly five times your total income. Why? The average person gets a 30-year mortgage and pays off 6% of the house price each year. This percentage may vary depending on your exact agreement (typically somewhere between 4% and 8% of the house price), but it's an average that applies to lots of people. This payment refers to total housing costs, which include both the mortgage and other costs. If 6% of the total housing costs equals about 30% of your income (using the 30% rule of thumb discussed above), then the total house price equates to about five times your income. We can represent this using the variable "h" for house price and "i" for income. Here’s how the math works out: 0.06h = 0.3i Divide both sides by 0.06 h = 5i Let’s say you make about $40,000 per year. Using this guideline, you can estimate that you can afford a house up to $200,000. While you can spend up to approximately five times your income on a house, you could also choose to purchase a less expensive home (then you’ll have more disposable income for golf or spontaneous trips to Paris!). Once you figure out the mortgage, or loan, you need, you’ll apply through a bank. Below are three steps you can take to qualify for your mortgage and reduce your monthly payments. Besides crunching the numbers, how else can you prepare to buy a house? Qualifying for a Mortgage: Steps You Should Take Unless you’re paying for the house with a suitcase full of cash and gold bars, you’ll need to apply for a mortgage. Most mortgages have fixed interest rates somewhere between 2.6% and 3.7%, and people commonly choose a repayment plan that spans 30 years. Once you reach this step, your next questions might be, how much mortgage can I afford and how much can I borrow? Banks look at three main factors when determining your mortgage and repayment plan. The first is how much you pay up front as a down payment. The second is your outstanding debts, and the third is your credit score. These are the three steps you can take to put yourself in the best financial position for getting a mortgage and buying a house. Step #1: Save for a Large Down Payment The more money you can pay on a house up front, the less you’ll have to pay per month. With reduced monthly payments and perhaps a shorter term, you also won’t have to pay as much on interest in the long run. Aim to pay at least 10% of the total house price as a down payment. Ideally, you can pay 20%. On a $300,000 house, for example, a 20% down payment would be $60,000. Some banks charge an extra monthly payment toward Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) if you have less than a 20% down payment. Banks want to avoid risk, and a low down payment is one sign of risk. The bigger your down payment, the better contract you’ll get with the lender. The bigger down payment you can put down up front, the better! Step #2: Pay Down Your Debts Another way that banks assess risk is by looking at your outstanding debts. These debts might include student loans, car loans, or other personal loans. The less debt you have, the better deal you’ll get. If you have a huge monthly payment toward student loans, for instance, then you may not appear to be in a good position to put money toward a mortgage. You should also strive to show a history of consistent, on-time payments. If you’ve let your loans go into default, then you may not get approved for a mortgage. If you’re planning on buying a house, then it’s important that you handle your debts responsibly and work toward reducing them. Step #3: Build Up Your Credit Score Finally, your credit score is an important factor when you apply for any kind of loan. Lenders look at your financial behavior in the past as an indication of your financial behavior in the future. The strongest credit scores fall into the upper 700s or 800s. Now that you have a sense of the numbers - paying up to 30% of your income on housing - what else should you think about as you venture down the path toward home ownership? Buying a House: Beyond the Numbers A lot of guides for first time homeowners will urge you to go out and find a house that costs about five times your annual income (or the combined incomes of you and your spouse). While this mortgage calculator estimate may work well for you, assuming no unexpected interruptions in your income, it’s not necessarily the end all and be all in real estate advice. This mindset urges people to step right up to the limits of their financial profile to get the biggest house in the best location that they can. It prompts you to answer, how much house can I afford, with the biggest possible number. Banks and realtors, of course, are motivated to keep people in this maximizing mindset. But is this way of thinking necessarily the best way to approach buying a house? How much mortgage can I get and how much mortgage should I get are two different questions. If you think you’ll be happiest with the biggest or most centrally located house you can get, you may be overestimating the importance of house size and location. Let’s consider both of these factors, amount of space and location, individually. If your realtor shows you places like this, you might remind her that you probably don't need quite this much space for a three-person family. How Big a House Do You Want? People often want to maximize the amount of space they can afford, but they may not be happier with more space in the long run. Humans have a knack for adjusting, which can have many benefits, but also means that we won’t stay satisfied with material improvements in our surroundings for long. According to UC Riverside psychology professor, Sonja Lyubomirsky, â€Å"Someone who feels elated after upgrading to a big house is likely to soon start yearning for more - an extra bedroom, a pool, whatever it may be. But ultimately, whether we drive a battered truck or a Lexus to work; whether we have hypertension or asthma, our ability to be happy and get happier doesn’t vary much.† As long as we have a certain amount of comfort and our needs our being met, we won’t get much happier from a bigger house in the long run. People tend to acclimate to the space that they have, and many report higher levels of happiness after minimizing their lifestyles. All too often, extra space just becomes storage for extra stuff. You don't need to donate all your possessions and join the tiny house movement, but you should take time to think back on your various living spaces. Were you substantially happier in larger spaces? What was the smallest space you’ve lived in and felt satisfied? Before falling prey to the McMansion mindset, think about how much space would actually make you happy and how much would be unnecessary excess. Where Should Your House Be Located? While the size of your house may not be as important as you think, its location can have a large effect on your happiness levels for one main reason: your commute to work. Several studies have shown that commute time has a big impact on personal well-being. A study conducted at the University of Waterloo concluded that long commutes link with low overall satisfaction in life, while a 20 study from Sweden connected long commutes with low energy, high stress, and more frequent absences from work due to illness. While you may not be able to afford a location with the best commute, you should avoid buying a house far away from your place of work. Finding the right house becomes a balance, then, among your finances, the size of the house, and the area where it’s located. We all want to live in Danny Tanner’s townhouse from Full House, but with the average cost of a 4-bedroom house in San Francisco going for over $1.7 million, most of us have to let this dream go. How Much House Can I Afford? Final Thoughts There are lots of steps that go into buying a house, and you have to take a close look at your finances and personal needs. Generally speaking, you should spend no more than 30% of your income on housing payments (mortgage plus the other costs of home ownership). You can use this rule of thumb to look at houses that cost five times your annual income or less. While banks might be all too eager to grant you a large mortgage - assuming you can put down a large down payment, are paying down your debts, and have a strong credit score - you shouldn’t necessarily take on the biggest mortgage you can. Taking on any kind of debt is a risk, and you should be cautious about over-committing to a 30-year mortgage if you’re concerned about things in your life, like job security. You should also consider how much of your monthly income you need for spending in other categories, like a retirement savings account or a January vacation to the Caribbean. Think about what will make you happiest, whether it’s a larger space, a short commute, a location close to restaurants and cafes, or a small monthly payment that frees up your income for leisure activities. When purchasing a home, you need to think long-term about both your finances and your overall happiness. Once you’ve figured out what you’re looking for, you can make steps to put yourself in the best position for getting a mortgage and buying your perfect house.

Effect of the Economic Recession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effect of the Economic Recession - Research Paper Example Many experts believe that the seeds of this recession lie in the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank of America in the aftermath of the attack on world trade center. The bank feared that the terrorist attack would create a panic in the market and hence will affect U.S. economy. Fearing this, the bank decided to lower the interest rates to a record low level (Makinen, 2011). The effect of this policy was that credit was cheaply available to the people. This situation was misused by Wall Street and many banks such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. What these banks did was to provide people with a very cheap loan on houses that couldn’t have been affordable otherwise. The property market was rising at the time and so huge amount of sub-prime loans were issued to the American people. The people took loans from the banks as they were confident that the rise in house prices would provide them with the money they needed for repayment of a loan. But after some time of the boom, the property market busted. The price of the houses touched a record low and so people started to default on their loans. They didn’t have money to pay back. This meant that the banks who had issued this loan were in deep cash problems. The phenomenon was so huge that first Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed for bankruptcy (Jicking, 2007). Next in line was Lehman Brothers which had similar problems. With Lehman Brothers filing for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, the world was heading towards credit crunch. The banks worldwide didn’t know which bank had how many bad debts to its credit. There was suspicion all around and hence the banks were weary of giving loans to each other. When the banks withheld supply of money in the market, the businesses started to feel the heat. All these events had a ripple effect. There was a reduction in demand and because of this unemployment rates went up in the U.S.