Avoiding Prompt Dependency

Staying away from Prompt Dependency A major issue for extraordinary teachers can be to make brief reliance. In the push to train new abilities we can make new obstructions to progress and autonomy by making brief reliance, where an understudy can't work without the utilization of inciting. The Continuum of Prompting Provoking lies on a continuum from Most to Least, or Least to Most. Most prompts are those which are the most intrusive, the full physical brief. From a full physical brief, provoking advances to incomplete physical prompts (tapping an elbow) and afterward through verbal inciting and gestural inciting. Experts settle on choices about how best to utilize inciting, as a rule passing judgment on the capacity of the understudy. A few understudies, who can emulate, ought to most likely be shown another movement by demonstrating with at least inciting. Prompts are proposed to be blurred, or expelled, so the kid can play out the new ability freely. That is the reason verbal is in the continuum, since they can frequently be more enthusiastically to blur than gestural prompts. Actually, very frequently brief reliance starts with steady verbal headings instructors give youngsters. The contrary issue can occur also, as youngsters become weary of consistent verbal pestering from critical grown-ups. Plan Your Prompting On the off chance that understudies have open language and have a past filled with reacting to verbal headings, you will need to design a least to most provoking convention. You need to instruct or demonstrate the action, give the verbally expressed mandate, and afterward endeavor a gestural brief, for example, pointing. In the event that that doesn't evoke the reaction/conduct that you needed, you would advance to the following level, which would be gestural and verbal, Pick up the ball (while highlighting the ball.) Simultaneously, your educating might be a piece of a forward or in reverse chain, contingent upon the expertise and the ability level of your understudy. Regardless of whether you forward chain ​or in reverse chain will rely too upon whether you envision that your understudy will succeed best at the first or last advance. On the off chance that you are showing a youngster to make hotcakes in an electric skillet, you may need to in reverse chain, and make expelling the flapjack from the dish the initial step you instruct, since the support (eating the hotcake) is close nearby. Similarly, arranging your assignment investigation and binding technique to ensure achievement is an extraordinary method to keep away from brief reliance. Youngsters with poor or not open language, who dont react, should be incited most to least beginning with full physical provoking, for example, hand over hand inciting. There is more serious threat of making brief reliance when you start at this level. It would most likely be a great idea to change exercises, so the understudy does assignments the individual has aced mixed with exercises that they are learning. Along these lines, they are finishing unprompted exercises while simultaneously chipping away at new aptitudes. Blurring Blurring is arranged withdrawal of inciting so as to maintain a strategic distance from brief reliance. When you have seen the youngster give an OK estimate of the conduct or action you need, you should begin pulling back the brief . . . maybe moving to an incomplete physical brief (contacting the childs hand, instead of a full physical, hand over hand brief) or to a verbal brief, matched with re-displaying the movement. Rapidly pulling over from the most intrusive provoking as fast as conceivable is presumably one of the most significant techniques in staying away from brief reliance. It implies tolerating an estimation and proceeding onward, instead of spending an excess of tie on a solitary rehashed movement. The key, at that point, is to: Plan your prompting.Mix aced aptitudes with new skills,Accept approximations of the conduct and begin pulling back provoking andFade when you can.

The Conflict Between Individual And State And The Grammatical Fiction :: essays research papers

The Conflict Between the Individual and the State and the Grammatical Fiction in Darkness At Noon "The Party precluded the choice from securing an individual-and simultaneously demanded his willing self-sacrifice." The conspicuous inconsistency of the above meaning of the Communist party is delineates the contention between the individual and the State in Arthur Koestler’s epic Darkness at Noon. Koestler’s hero Nicolas Salamanovich Rubashov, sincere socialist and previous pioneer of the Communist party, succumbs to his own framework during the hour of the Moscow preliminaries. Blamed and detained for violations he didn't submit, Rubashov is compelled to pick between the belief system he has steadfastly followed for as far back as forty years of his life, or a freshly discovered feeling of self, which he calls the "grammatical fiction".During the start of Rubashov’s lone imprisonment, he starts to question the dependability of t he Communist system, and for a period, sees himself free from the Party. Rubashov’s pulling ceaselessly from Communism is clear in his discussion with the analyzing judge, Ivanov, during his first hearing. Rubashov addresses Ivanov’s aggregate perspective with the creating perspectives on his own:"Your contention is to some degree anachronistic," said Rubashov. "As you properly commented, we were acclimated consistently to utilize the plural ‘we’ and to evade beyond what many would consider possible the principal individual particular. I have rather lost the propensity for this type of discourse; you stick to it. However, who is this ‘we’ in whose name you address day? It needs re-characterizing. That is the point."Apart from the Party, Rubashov no longer capacities as a major aspect of the Communist unit, yet rather as a person. Inside socialist teaching the individual is just a bit of a bigger framework, and for the genuine socialist the pronoun ‘I’ isn't a piece of their jargon. Or maybe, the individual ‘I’ is supplanted by ‘we’, which speaks to the Party. The importance of Rubashov’s articulation is that even his discourse designs, a physical indication of one’s psyche, show his self-separation from the Communist Party in that he has lost his capacity to connect with the socialist We. Again and again Rubashov is tormented by the thought "I will pay", a turmoil because of his vulnerability about the establishment of Communism he has set himself on. Soon after his first hearing he writes in quite a while journal "The actuality is: I no longer have faith in my trustworthiness. That is the reason I am lost.

Integrated Arts Final Essay Example For Students

Coordinated Arts Final Essay Online life systems, for example, Backbone and Mainstream give us a method for seeing the change of our companions and families carefully on a surface level. Seeing our records and pictures from earlier years we may see changes in our physical properties and relationship status, and possibly we are helped to remember large occasions, cheerful recollections and even occasions of distress. In this innovation based society, everything is recorded, and a layout of our development and change is accessible for the world to see. At the equivalent, the world sees thing; they don't feel anything, since change and development have been re-characterized as a notice and sell-worth and approval comes jog the quantity of preferences got on our most recent post, What happens when the consequence of the Internet is an impetus for the existential emergency? The accompanying paper, 1) depicts how close to home and past encounters with internet based life and journaling educated my choice to seek after in expressive expressions treatment 2) and prompted my examination on existential-integrative hypothesis. This paper will likewise 3) investigate how integrative hypothesis has molded my clinical encounters, 4) and propelled my examination in utilizing components of IP-jump as a restorative methodology. The winter of 2007, welcomed on a passionate snowstorm, energized by arrangement horrible mishaps that gobbled me Whole bit me up and spat me out around 2012. These occasions drove me to a quest for importance; the significance of life, mind, body, sex passing, otherworldliness, family, and companions. The principal ways to deal with discovering significance were ineffective, which made looking for proficient assistance essential. In a remedial and emergency clinic setting, the utilization of innovation is regularly denied. Also, different patients are required to impart in different manners. From the start these guidelines were dangerous, for such a long time the Internet had been my break ND the prime asset for seeing, Then, in a workmanship treatment meeting at the medical clinic, the advisor gave me a basic organization scratch pad and requested that I adorn and compose my notices and content to my companions. This noteworthy second in my world class coordinated my touch internal, rather on the web. Following a couple of months, my Backbone interest had diminished definitely, and the pages started to Fill up with passages, drawings, and collection. I began to compose tune verses, which transformed into a melodic coordinated effort with companions and different patients. Through expressions of the human experience, I had the option to discover significance in my reality. From which point examining expressions of the human experience and brain research turned into my enthusiasm and felt a duty to impart this way to deal with others. At that point, it was hazy that my existential emergency would enable me clearness and to envision. Glancing back at which creators, craftsman, and artists crested my enthusiasm as a high schooler, a large number Of the topics encompassed existential issues. For example, the account of Paolo Cellos epic, The Alchemist, Before a fantasy is understood, the Soul Of the World tests everything that was found out en route. It does this not on the grounds that is shrewd, yet with the goal that we can, notwithstanding authorizing our fantasies, ace the exercises weve learned as weve advanced toward that fantasy. That is where a great many people surrender. Its where, as we state in the language of the desert, one kicks the bucket of thirst exactly when the palm trees have showed up not too far off (Cello), Cello inhales life once more into the word, dream, by regarding the excursion, The Alchemist is brimming with existential topics; it welcomes the peruser to confide in the battle and use it to discover meaning. , Haling (2003) incorporates ideas from May and Schneider (1996) existential-integrative brain science, which portray the existential ascents as an open door for change. The Expressive Body in Life, Art, and Therapy, Haling (2003) draws from numerous points of view of brain science to characterize her development and workmanship as analogy rehearses as a way to deal with expressive expressions treatment and recuperating. When given comparable past feelings, I am progressively disposed to distinguish and stand up to inconvenience with journaling, painting, care practices, development, and spontaneous creation. My creative procedure changes each semester. Poor model, last semester my procedure started with words which streamed into verses and afterward visual expressions. This semester my center is development and body care. Italy Essay ThesisAccording to the HP official site (http://www. Hypoglycemias. Organization/), WHET coordinates spray painting, Digging/music creation, hip bounce and urban move developments, and emceeing, cultivate genuine inventive articulation, self-realization, social association, passionate recognizable proof and authority, purgation, correspondence, improvement, strengthening, appropriation, basic examination, freedom, liberators information building, flexibility and quality With a general objective of improving physical, mental, and enthusiastic wellbeing (Roughhoused Gardner, 201). To develop this methodology is incorporate conversations adjusting the media impact of hip-jump on our childhood and the contrast between surface hip-bounce and cognizant hip-jump. The examination alone makes way for awareness, and care rehearses, Most frequently, we don't tune in to words we are singing and the messages we hand-off with our words and developments. Quite a bit of hip-bounce is fierce in light of the fact that it is in your face and obtuse. It is my objective to give a satisfy spot to investigate encounter. Haling (2003) addresses showdown in as a crucial second; prompting discharge and afterward groom, all must happen in the five-advance procedure. In utilizing this methodology, would likewise play close regard for data we get from media and how to channel data utilizing our innovative vitality as opposed to disguise it and permits it keeps us hindered, My inventive procedure and clinical encounters urged me to characterize expressive expressions treatment for myself and propelled a quest for the non-custom methodologies inside the expressive remedial domain In my examination, I discovered film treatment and hip-jump treatment. Both would be valuable, in the public arena reliant on innovation. Pending connections from The Alchemist and The Avatar: Last Airbed to existential-integrative brain science an advise a clinical setting for youngsters and families. My existential emergency carried me to the field of expressive expressions treatment. Hence, it is my would like to rouse people that may have lost significance in their lives to search internally and limit their dependence on the Internet and the media to approve their character. The components of existential hypothesis in expressive expressions treatment give the establishment to people to discover importance and acknowledgment after emergency and encounter. Thinking about these issues can open a third space where the squares in the innovative procedure become an open door for revelation. This zone is just conceivable when we permit it surface and hold back utilizing our vitality to characterize our personality on a superficial level, which we neglect to characterize significance for ourselves. Glossary Attainment: the alteration of expressive vitality and space to realize uniform-open mindfulness; agreeable nearness: when charms are adjusted and focus (Osaka, 2008), Catharsis: an enthusiastic enumerating which includes the purging of negative feelings and discomforting substantial sensations through masterful articulation and admission; to give up (Knell, 2004). Compartment: a psychological and, or physical safe space made with the end goal of self-articulation. Innovative reaction: an expressive response to a particular improvement; a masterful understanding (Knell 2004). G-L Hold: going to an interruption confidence the purpose to convey the heaviness of the current minutes, feelings, sensations, sentiments, or encounters (Verbal Communication) Imagination: the psychological space where one can make substitute real factors from apparent pictures, happenings, and ideas that have no nearness in the outside space (Knell, 2004). L-P Mismanagement: carrying attention to disorder; a lopsidedness of expressive vitality and space; a discord between an individual and the lived understanding (Osaka, 008).

Tips and Tricks to Identify Effects for Each Cause

Tips and Tricks to Identify Effects for Each Cause The first rule of essay writing is to remember there are multiple types of essay one can write. The chances are high you’ll have to work on all of them at some point of your university education and after. If you work as an essay  writer, there’ll come the time when you’ll receive a special assignment that requires a particular type of essay writing, and your job is to make that happen. Cause and effect essay is just one example, but it’s poorly understood. Some may regard it as complicated, but once you learn how to create a functional outline, it will be easier. To help you out, I’m going to show you how to construct cause and effect paper successfully. You’ll see, it’s easier than it seems! How differentiate cause and effect? Let’s start with the definition first. Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things occur (causes) and their outcomes (effects). This type of writing poses as a standard method of organizing and discussing ideas. Here, the author demonstrates his/her ability to connect the reasons and their consequences in a logical and evidence-based manner. Naturally, a cause is an answer to why a particular event occurs and effect refers to things that happen because of it. Although the explanation is quite simple, many students find it difficult to differentiate causes and effects. Since the successful completion of your paper depends on the ability to know the difference between causes and effects, you should take your time with this. There’s no reason to rush and construct your outline when you aren’t sure how to set apart two main factors. For example, global warming is an effect whose causes are deforestation, pollution, climate change and so on. To determine the cause, you should ask yourself â€Å"Why did this happen?† while effects are usually the answers you get after asking â€Å"What happe ed because of this?† In the example mentioned above, you have global warming as an effect of multiple causes. This allows you to complete your essay discussing different factors that contributed to global warming while citing official sources, respected journals, and so on. In a way, cause and effect essay is similar to an argumentative essay. You have to prove certain cause led to some particular effect, just like argumentative essay writing requires showing that your argument about some subject is valid. When you’re in doubt, always ask yourself why and what, and you’ll get your answer. Sometimes you won’t have to describe both causes and effects throughout the essay. In some instances, you’ll just have to explain causes of some effect or effects that occurred due to some cause. Structure of cause and effect essay As mentioned above, adequate structure and proper outline are the keys in the successful completion of cause and effect essay. The structure of your work will depend on the type of subject i.e. whether the essay will discuss both causes and effects combined or one of these factors individually. Below, you can see three possible variants and their outlines. Variation #1: Multiple causes, one effect This kind of work refers to the situation when one effect is a result of multiple causes. The paper should consist of five paragraphs, introduction and conclusion, and three sections wherein each one describes one cause. Variation #2: One cause, multiple effects Unlike the previous variant, this type of essay writing is used for situations when a single cause induces a multitude of effects. Five paragraphs make up the outline of the essay, introduction and conclusion, and three sections for each effect. Variation #3: Domino effect (causal chain) The last variant of this kind of essay refers to instances when a single cause leads to a certain effect. Then, that effect leads to some other situation, and so on. Every situation might have different causes and effects that you have to mention and elaborate. For domino effect essay you’ll need to construct seven paragraphs: introduction and conclusion, and five causal link sections. Writing your cause and effect essay Now that you know how the outline of your essay should look, you can proceed to the writing process. It’s always useful to have a schematic demonstration of your outline on a piece of paper. This will help you with the context, research, and ensures you don’t drift away from the subject, which happens sometimes. This part is just the accumulation of your plans, notes, and details gathered, and it happens to be the most demanding aspect of essay writing. You have to showcase your knowledge about the topic as well as your vocabulary and discuss the given subject to keep the reader’s eyes locked on the paper. Below, you can see valuable tips that will help you construct each part of your essay. s and unreliable websites, despite how tempting they might seem. [cta id=498] Research and organizing info you found are crucial for the quality of your text. Organization is the key, and you can do it in a few different ways: Chronological order – arrange details in order they occurred According to importance – organize info from the least important to the most importance or vice versa Categorical manner – divide the topic into different parts or categories and arrange details accordingly Once you’re done describing one causal link, effect, or cause, you’re ready to move to the next paragraph, and so on. However, you just can’t just skip from one subject to another. Instead, you should make a smooth transition to retain the logical flow and avoid choppiness. To accomplish this, you can start navigating the subject to the one you’re going to discuss in the next paragraph by mentioning something they have in common. This will allow you to elaborate the next cause/effect/causal link without making it look weird. You can also use transitional words for both causes and effects. Causes: Due to Because First Second Since Another is On cause is Effects: Consequently As a result Thus Resulted in Therefore Thereby One result is

The Strangers That Came And Town By Ambrose Flack

Freedom is a birthright for all humans, we should always feel accepted to speak our minds and be who we are. In his short story, â€Å"The Strangers that Came to Town†, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. He shows this through the characterization of Mrs. Duvitch, Mr. Duvitch and Andy. Mrs. Duvitch’s quiet and reserved nature made her the ideal victim of rumors. The less people knew about her the more room left for their imaginations. For example she is said to be â€Å"the victim of an obscure skin disease and that every morning she shook scales out of the bed sheet† (3). The rumors began to cease after her dinner party with Andy’s family where her true nature began to be revealed. Following the dinner party, Andy’s mother invites her to a tea party â€Å"Where her delicate manners, and the fine needlework which engaged her, won the approval of the local housewives who were present† (15). Showing her embroidery skills helped her connect with the ladies of the town. Embroidery is a way she expresses herself and after feeling comfortable with the ladies she revealed that side of her. When she felt accepted by the ladies, Mrs. Duvitch was finally confident enough to invite them to her house. â€Å"After a while Mrs. Duvitch found courage to ask these people into her house† (16). Opening our homes to someone takes a great deal of trust. Our homes are our safe place where we can be ourselves. To the Duvitch’s their home meant a lot more to themShow MoreRelatedThe Strangers That Came to Town Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strangers That Came to Town Essay The story â€Å"The Strangers That Came to Town† is primarily a story about freedom. In his short story, â€Å"The Strangers that Came to Town†, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. In the beginning of the story Mr. Duvitch and his family couldn’t walk around the town being judged or feeling uncomfortable. This was also a big problem for Mr. Duvitch’s children. They deal with bullying and not being welcomed as well. Although at theRead MoreA Uniting Theme Of The Strangers That Came To Town, A Dolls House And A Lesson Before Dying1884 Words   |  8 PagesSacrifice- A Uniting Theme Of The Strangers That Came To Town, A Doll s House and A Lesson Before Dying All of the books that we have read this summer have in common stories where characters are forced to make sacrifices. This is first seen in The Strangers That Came To Town by Ambrose Flack. The Duvitch family sacrifice everything to provide for their family. Andy and Tom endure harsh conditions while fishing to repay Mr. Duvitch for the fish they poisoned. In the play A Doll s House by HenrikRead MoreAnalysis Of The Strangers That Came To Town967 Words   |  4 Pageshis short story, â€Å"The Strangers that Came to Town†, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. This short story shows the Duvitch family who don’t fit into a small town. The Duvitches receive lots of hate and harm from the small town with a friendly faà §ade. They don’t fit in because they are different, like mant minority groups. ~ The first proof of this is in the title: The Strangers That Came To Town, which refers to the Duvitch family as strangers instead of neighborsRead MoreThe Strangers That Came to Town Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesIn his short story, â€Å"The Strangers That Came to Town,† Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. It shows that true freedom is about being accepted because of the way that the Duvitch family is placed in a community where they are not accepted at first but then do become accepted. Mr. Duvitch didn’t talk much to anyone because of lack of freedom to be who he was, Mrs. Duvitch didn’t have the freedom to also be who she was because people talked about her and the Duvitch children

The United States Constitution And The Constitution Of Russia

Upon consideration, one would imagine that the United States of America’s constitution and the constitution of Russia would not be very similar. Due to the fact that the two nations are around 5,000 miles apart or even the fact that the Unites States Constitution was ratified on September 17, 1787, and Russia’s Constitution was ratified on December 12, 1993, a 206 year difference. Despite these facts, if one were to dig deeper into the Russian’s constitution, the many resemblances within the United States constitution begin to surface. However, due to the fact that the Constitutions were written 206 years apart, the political problems and traditions that the two nations were facing during development of these constitutions were extremely†¦show more content†¦Both constitutions established a federal government that is governed and ran by three independent branches of government; the executive, the legislative and the judicial. Both nations also share the check and balance systems ensuring that the branches do not overpower one another. The legislative branch of the Russian nation is composed of a bicameral federal assembly, consisting of a upper and lower house of government that is formed by the State Duma and the Federation council. This is similar to our two house bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. In both countries, the upper house consists of two representatives that come from each state or region and the lower house consists of representatives that are elected by popular ballot. The head of the state, the presidents of both nations, holds the power of the executive branch. The executive branch is granted the powers to grant pardons, appoint Ambassadors, as well as ministers, and can also appoint officers. The president’s power goes further into detail in Article 2, section 2 and 3. As well as with Russia’s Article 83 – 93 in their constitution. Russia’s executive branch’s goal is to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, as well as its integrity and

Calico Joe free essay sample

At his first at bat, Castle hit a homerun and ent on to hit 2 more homeruns and a perfect bunt to end the game with a win. Castles outstanding first game draws the attention of every American, especially that of Paul Tracey, becoming his new baseball hero. Castle continues to amaze everyone when he hits homerun after homerun, steals base after base, and wins his team game, after game. In Just a few games, Castle breaks more rookie records than any other baseball player. A few of these records include the most consecutive hits at 15 straight hits, the most back-to-back stolen bases, and tying the record for most omeruns in a first game. By his third or fourth game, everyone in America was tuning into the Cubs game on their radios, watching replays of Joes amazing at-bats, and crowding around any store that had a radio or television in its window. Back at the Tracey familys house, all is not well for Paul or the rest of the family. Warren Tracey, Pauls father and pitcher for the New York Mets, has a declining career as a major league baseball player, losing the Mets game after game and forcing them to sink lower and lower in the National League rankings. After each game Warren loses, e goes out drinking all night, often not coming home until very early in the morning, too drunk to function. Whenever Warren came home drunk, he would often yell at his wife and beat Paul. On Warrens off days, he would go to watch Pauls little league games, only to criticize Paul and yell at everyone for everything they were doing wrong. On most occasions where his tatner attended his games, Paul would leave game crying because his father had yelled at him or hit him after the game. As Calico Joe continued to grow in fame, he caught the eye of Warren Tracey, and Warren had now made a target out of Joe. It would only be a matter of time before the Cubs would meet the Mets for a series game. In August, 1973, the Cubs met the Mets in Shea Stadium, New York for a game that would change the lives of both Warren and Joe. Paul attended the game with his mother off of free tickets that Warren had given them in reconciliation for hitting Paul. Warren was the starting pitcher for the Mets that day and does not hesitate to cause trouble on the mound. At Joes first at-bat against Warren, he swings at two and misses, gets three balls alled for him, and fouls off eight consecutive pitches before hitting an out of the park homerun. Warren Tracey saw this as an attack against him and would be looking for vengeance on his next at-bat. At Joes next at-bat, Warren throws two outside pitches, but the third pitch is directly on course for Joes head, hitting him in the eye, cracking his skull, and breaking his Jaw. Joe remained unconscious on the field for 30 minutes before the ambulance got there with Warren standing on the mound smiling. The entire country was shocked and enraged when they heard the news that Calico Joe had been hit by a career-ending beanball. When people got news of who hit the star rookie player, death threats poured into Pauls house telephone. For the next two games in the series against the Mets, Cubs players charged the mound, beating up Warren and other players on the Cubs team. Warren denied the fact that he had intentionally hit Joe and his career spiraled downward. Warren never pitched the same again and was dropped from the Mets into their AAA team and eventually down to their AA team. After a month of being in a coma, Joe finally woke up, unable o ever play another game of baseball. Joe had lost eighty percent of his vision in his right eye and sustained some minor brain damage. A few months later, Joe has a stroke that leaves the left side of his body partially paralyzed, forcing him to retire for good. For years after the incident, Joe lives the life of a cripple in his home town of Calico Rock, Arkansas under the protection of his brothers. Thirty years go by and Paul is grown up with a wife and two kids. Warren Tracey left the family years before and has gone through 4 wives since then, marrying only for money and lust. In another attempt at fame, Warren tries golfing, winning only one tournament in Florida. Tracey is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and his health is deteriorating very quickly. Paul goes to visit him in his Florida home, not because he is concerned with his health, but because he has one last request before his father dies. Paul asks Warren to travel with him to Calico Rock, Arkansas to make amends with Joe and shake hands and apologize. After several days of yelling, arguing, and threatening blackmail, Warren warms up to the idea and goes with Paul to visit Joe. When they rrive in Calico Rock, they are greeted by Joes friend Clarence Rook who takes them to the field Joe looks after. Warren finally has the chance to apologize to Joe, and surprisingly is sincere and means it. Joe ultimately forgives Warren for ending his promising career and they shake hands and take pictures afterwards. A couple years after that, Warren finally succumbs to the pancreatic cancer and dies at the age of 76. A small funeral is held but very few people show up. To Pauls surprise, in the middle of the ministers sermon, Joe and his two brothers walk in and sit next to Joe. Attera that Warren nad done to Joe, Joe still goes to his tuneral to pay his respects After the funeral the Castle brothers talk with Paul and want him to publish the story about the truth behind Warren beaning Joe and the story of their reconciliation in Calico Rock, Arkansas. 4. Important Characters Paul Tracey At parts in the story, Paul Tracey is an 11 year old boy and son of Warren Tracey. Like his father, Paul has a passion for baseball and is a fairly skilled player in his communitys little league. As a boy, Paul is physically abused every time he does omething wrong in any of his games, getting beat the moment they get home. Paul is also verbally abused by his father, sometimes even getting cussed out on the field. At other parts in the story, Paul Tracey is a middle-aged man in his 40s. With a father dying from pancreatic cancer, Paul feels forced to go visit him; consequently, influencing his father to make amends with the man whose career his father ended. Warren Tracey At parts in the story, Warren Tracey is a 34 year old Journeyman for the New York Mets. Warren Tracey plays off the old rules of baseball and plays a mean-spirited ame of baseball whenever he does play. As a regular drunk, Warren abuses alcohol, his wife, and his son, Paul Tracey. In one pitch, Warren ends the promising career of a record breaking rookie by hitting him in the head, knocking him into a coma. Soon afterwards, Warren loses his ability to pitch and finds himself out of the game with no Job. He eventually does reconcile with Joe after being blackmailed by his son and being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Warren dies at the end of the novel at 76 years old. Joe Castle Joe Castle was a rookie baseball player for the Cubs AA team before he saw an pportunity to become a star when the Cubs first baseman injured his back. Joe became a baseball legend when he broke a record in his first game in the major leagues and went on to break several more. At the height of his rookie career, his career was suddenly ended when he took a pitch to the head. Joe went into a coma for a month before waking up with partial vision and permanent brain damage. After his stay in the hospital Joe retreated to his hometown of Calico Rock, Arkansas where he was the groundskeeper for the field the town had built and named after him. Joe greed to meet with the man who ended his career and forgave him for everything he had done and even attended the mans funeral. 5. Hero/Heroine Joe Castle, nicknamed Calico Joe is the hero of this novel. Joe Castle wowed the crowd in each of his appearances on the field and won the hearts of most Americans. In his Journey to fame, Joe never let the fame get to him and although he did get cocky at times, he never seemed overly arrogant or overly proud to anyone but Warren Tracey. When Joes career was ended shortly by Warren Traceys bean ball to ne did not blame anything on him or call Warren out in any way. Joe was always sincere about everything after the incident and looked at his life with only positive thoughts. When Warren finally comes to apologize, Joe accepts his apology and forgives him without any hesitation. When Warren dies of pancreatic cancer, Joe treats him as an old friend and travels all the way to Florida to attend the funeral. In the novel, Joe truly is a hero to the American people, Paul, and eventually, Warren Tracey. 6. Main Conflict In Calico Joe, there the main conflict is a man vs. man type of conflict between Paul Tracey and his dad, Warren. In Warrens eyes, Paul was always a failure and could never do anything right. Warren would scream at him during Pauls little league games, criticize his every move, and beat him for what he did wrong when they got home. In Warrens later years the role reverses and Paul blackmails Warren into doing what he wants and refuses to accept Warren as his father. Paul and Warren did not have a very healthy father-son relationship and during parts of both their lives, they were miserable. 7. Setting Calico Joe takes place in both 1973 during some parts of the novel, and the early 000s during other parts. It is set in America, bouncing around different parts of the eastern half of the country, including Shea Stadium in New York, Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, Calico Rock, Arkansas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Florida. . Significant Quotes 8. 1 . Neither my sister nor my mother wanted to be bothered by the news either. The big decision was whether to go to Warrens funeral, not how quickly we could arrive to his bedside. But I knew I needed to see him again. We still had some unfinished business before he died. Paul Tracey This quote both sets up some foreshadowing o what is going to happen to Warren and it shows how weak the relationship between Warren and the rest of his family truly is. 8. 2. Warren didnt come to my college graduation or my wedding.

Queen Music History free essay sample

Queen became one of the most well known Rock and Pop groups for the next 18 years and had a host of number one successes written by every member Of the group. Although still touring with original members Brian May and Roger Taylor, the Queen most recognized by its extravagant stage shows and music videos came to an end with the death of lead singer Freddie Mercury in 1991. Queen were responsible for fourteen albums covering a varied array of genres such as Rock, Progressive Rock, Rock and Roll, pop, Classical, Disco and Funk. Queens first album Queen featured a wide mixture of musical styles.The penning song Keep Yourself Alive, also the bands first single, written by Brian May was a rock song featuring the standard l, V, V chord progression but also marking several sounds that would become some of Queens trademarks for years to come. For example the intro and solo section involves Brian May using his trademark delay effect with the production feature of layered guitar. We will write a custom essay sample on Queen Music History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also the song My Fairy King by Freddie Mercury which featured the same guitar production but also operatic vocal arrangement with the use of layered vocals by the band.The lyrical theme varies over these songs such as Liar by Freddie Mercury, a standard rock song with a love theme. Modern Times Rock and Roll a heavy metal song by Roger Taylor written simply about the music and My Fairy King, by Freddie Mercury written about a mythical world. The mythical theme and folklore would feature heavily in Queens earlier works through Ogre Battle on the Queen II album, In The Lap of The Gods On Sheer Heart attack and The Prophets Song on A Night At The Opera.Many songs such as these could be called progressive rock in the use of production techniques such as layered vocals, guitars and long musical interludes during the music. At the same time, these albums featured an array of songs written by other members of the band such as Father to Son by Brian May which appeared on the Queen II album which lyrically was about a father explaining life to his son and Youre My Best Friend by John Deacon, a love song written when he was married in 1975. The release of the album A Day at the Races saw a turning point in the musical development of Queen. Where previously many songs had featured a prop rock and operatic arrangement, My Fairy King, Bohemian Rhapsody, and lyrically had little meaning or were merely based on folklore, the songs n A Day at the Races focused mainly on a love theme. This album featured songs such as Tie Your Mother Down by Brian May which was a rock and roll standard and The Millionaire Waltz a waltz time and again operatic rock song by Freddie Mercury it did not however feature any of the more mythically based songs from previous albums and focused more on a love theme throughout.The songs also had more standard solo section lengths rather than long drawn out layered guitar solos or piano interludes. Queens next album, News of The World would see some of the bands most well known songs and the transition into writing much more anthem based ones such as We Will Rock You and We Are the Champions. Similarly with the next two albums Jazz (1980) and The Game (1978) whose tracks contain due on the rock trend for Queen with songs such as Dont Stop Me Now and Crazy Little Thing Called Love.In 1 982 however Queen would attempt to write an album with a Disco and Pop theme throughout with a large usage of synthesized instruments such as a drum machine. Although Hot Space was seen as a failure for the band musically it did show the bands understanding and ability to write other genres of music and produced one of their greatest hits, Under Pressure. The song Body language for example was recorded without any guitar on the track and The Bass line of Dancer was played on a keyboard synthesizer by Brian May.The album was not received well by the Queen fans or the critics, Hot Space takes all the things that Queen were known for and either removes them or treats them to ridiculous subversion. So that means drum machines instead of booming tom-toms, ludicrous brass arrangements instead of opulent guitar histrionics and, more than ever before, an obsession with sex. You know, rather than ogres and dragons and flouncing about Dont Talk! In defense of Queens Hot Space, Daniel Ross.It can be argued however that the attempt to write a full album in a genre of music with growing popularity showed Queens ability to follow the trends of the time l hate doing the same thing again and again and again. I like to see whats happening now in music, film and theatre and incorporate all of those things. Interview David Wig 1986 After the release o f Hot Space the members of Queen took a 2 year break from the band to work on solo projects although none reached any real success. Queens next two albums would see a return to their rock based albums with a mixture of Pop and Disco instrumentation. The Works and A Kind of Magic albums contained heavy rock tracks such as Hammer to Fall and Dont Lose Your Head, pop and disco such as Radio Gaga as well as softer ballads such as One Year of Love and Is This The World We Created. These albums were two of the bands most successful and also the Magic album would be the last the band would tour with as Freddie Mercury was diagnosed with HIVE and could no longer tour due to ill health.Although seen as much as a live performance band as an album band, Queen would release woo more successful studio albums, The Miracle and Innuendo which again featured a variety of songs and instrumentation from the rock song l Want it All, the progressive rock instrumental Chinese Torture, The Disco Scandal and the Pop song Im Going Slightly Mad. On the whole it is difficult to explain any real lyrical meaning to Queens songs.The songs w ere usually written by an individual and as shown by an interview with Brian May, strangely in those days we didnt really talk about what the songs where about, in retrospect it may have been quite interesting. Brian May (2002) We are the Champions: The Politics of Sports ND Popular Music by Ken McLeod. We do however know that some songs were relevant to the bands success and media relations for example the song Scandal is about the media attention surrounding Freddie Mercury s failing health and Brian Mays divorce and remarriage at the time.Lyrical similarities can be found between Queens early progressive rock lyrics which leaned towards folklore and works of fiction to other bands of the time such as T-Rexes with the song Ride a White Swan Wear a tall hat like a Druid in the old days, Wear a tall hat and a tattooed gown, Ride a white swan like the people of the Belton, Wear your hair long babe, you cant go wrong. And She Was Born To Be My Unicorn Darkly ghosting host, Haggard vizier of the moats, Seeks the candled shores of Gods. One salient feature of the music by Queen is the use of layered vocal harmonies shown in songs such as Bohemian Rhapsody and Somebody to Love The use of vocals by the band gave the impression of a choir singing when in fact only the four members of que en are. This effect was relatively new at the time of these songs especially Bohemian Rhapsody and was achieved by many different harmonies being sung into a multi track recorder ND constantly overdubbing one another. Once the track was mixed and panned correctly the effect of a large choral vocal ensemble can be heard.This is a technique which Queen would use for the rest of their albums with songs such as Bicycle (1978) and Need Your Loving Tonight (1979). Another salient feature of Queen is the use of the delay effect by guitarist Brian May. The effect appears on many solos of Queens work but can be most prominently heard during the Brighton Rock instrumental and the solo to Killer Queen. Digital delay units were not available at the time of the cording of these songs and May used twin tape delays often overdubbed with a third recording to give the effect of three guitars playing at the same time.Tape or Analogue delay systems worked by taking the one note played by the guitar then the tape deck playing that note back at a set time from the original note and so on. May, especially in long instrumentals, would often play the first note of a chord then as the tape played that delay he would play the second note of a chord and so on. By the time third delay was played back, a full chord was being sounded by a single guitar which he could then sustain and play over the top of. Http://map. Questions. Info/the-book/ queen-the-four -of-them-as-musicians/Brian-may. HTML Queen have influenced many artists since their last studio album in 1991. Bands of varied genres are known to have covered Queens work or given them credited for their own musical creations. The Heavy Metal band Metallic covered the queen song Stone Cold Crazy, and Wesley Jeans made a remix of Another One Bites The Dust. Some people to offer credit to Queen as one of their key musical influences are The Killers, Green Day, Lady Gaga, OFF Fighters, Guns Roses and many more. One key feature of Queen was their flamboyant live shows and performances by lead sing Freddie Mercury. Mercury wore striking and sensational clothing on stage from leotards to studded arm bands as well as using a trademark half microphone stand which he often used as a prop for his on stage actions. This idea of a visual performance as well as musical is a staple for most contemporary commercial music with extravagant shows from artists such as Lady Gaga or Robbie Williams. The lack of meaning surrounding many of Queens lyrics throughout their career is also something which has been noting due into contemporary music.The song One Vision ends simply with the words Fried Chicken also it is commonly believed that the lyrics to Bohemian Rhapsody were merely written to fit the music and hold no meaning. Other songs by Queen such as Somebody to Love were although meaningful to the listener where relevant, the lyrics were very much generic and standard to that genre. This is still the case with most contemporary commercial music and to those who have credited Queen with being one of their k ey influences with songs such as Micas Grace Kelly and Lady Sagas DO What you want.Queen released a wide array of albums covering varied genres from their rock, classical and progressive rock roots of the Albums Queen and A Day At The Races and the Rock themed News of The World. A disco album Hot Space and the pop and rock based The Miracle and Innuendo. Uniquely each member of queen wrote at least one number one song which is testament to their commercial knowledge and musical abilities as individuals as well as a group. Queens flamboyant portrayal of themselves mainly shown through lead singer Freddie Mercurys larger than life stage performances ND vocal style also added to their commercial success.

Percy Bysshe Shelley essays

Percy Bysshe Shelley essays Percy Bysshe Shelley, from the early 19th century, was the most determinedly professional writer of all the English Romantic poets . This is seen in not only his symphonic poems like the Ode to the West Wind, his lyrical sonnets such as Lines written among the Euganean Hills amongst The Cloud, To a Skylark and many others, his political rhymes like The Revolt of Islam and Queen Mab and his narrative verses like Adonais, Alastor and Epipsychidion. It is also obvious in his poetic dramas with Prometheus Unbound and The Cenci as prime examples and his famous essay The Defense of Poetry. In Shelleys view, the poet is a dreamer, a visionary who must use these dreams and visions to persuade men to shake off the chains of the past, of custom, of selfishness, and to press onward to the vital task of constructing a world characterized by kindness, generosity, and love. Shelley was born the eldest son of a wealthy squire on August 4th, 1792 at Field Place near Horsham. He attended Eton, the most famous of the English public schools , where he was bullied by older boys and resented their tyranny and became determined to fight against all forms of tyranny . At university, Shelley began reading books by radical political writers due to the influence of Sir Francis Burdett, the radical M.P who he met through his father and who really impressed him. He read the book Inquiry Concerning Political Justice, by William Godwin who was an atheist and anarchist. Godwins optimistic view of the nature of man appealed to Shelleys native idealism, his readiness to believe the best of man. Following the example of the master, Shelley became an atheist. Then came the Necessity of Atheism, a pamphlet expressing his support of Atheism and attacking the idea that Christianity is forced upon people. March 25th, 1811 would be the date that Oxford University expel...

Financial Accounting principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Accounting principles - Essay Example In actual practice, if a business is to be run at profit, it has to sell goods at such a price as will enable it to meet out not only expenses on account of cost of goods sold but also other numerous expenses like rent, salary, cartage, freight, commission , electricity, etc. Thus for making a profit, sales must be kept sufficiently high to meet all the other expenses. To emphasize the necessity of accounting, it can be said that accounting must provide the following information and we should ensure that we completely understand and analyze them: Accounting is defined as the 'the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in terms of money transactions and events of a financial character and interpreting the results thereof .' The American Accounting Association Committee defined accounting as - The process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgment and decision by the user of the information. The Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) stated "the function of accounting is to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature about the economic entities that is intended to be useful in making economic decision." Business Managers and outside interested parties make use of accounting information for decision making that affect the business. The primary purpose of accounting is to provide information about financial transaction, i.e., transaction involving money of a business enterprise. When a person starts a business or even to maintain the accounts of his daily expenditure he must make use of financial accounts. The two primary objective of any business are To earn profit. To have sufficient funds to pay their debts as and when they are required to be paid. This information makes a firm or an individual person take the right business related decision which helps to take the business further. Thus, accounting information, if properly and systematically recorded and reported, can direct a business enterprise to run on successful and efficient lines. Before we move on to understand more about Financial accounting we must clearly understand the advantages-disadvantages and limitations of accounting. Advantages Maintenance of

FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS IN EU LOW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS IN EU LOW - Essay Example nce of the European Court of Justice's (ECJ) ruling was. In Defrenne, the individual acted against a condition in her contract of employment that required her to retire at the age of 40, whilst male employees continued up to the age of 55. She pleaded her defense on the basis of Article 141 of the Treaty of Amsterdam (then Article 119), guaranteeing equal pay for equal work. The fundamental problem at hand was whether the provision could be enforced horizontally- against a private party by such a party- as Sabena Airline was classified as a private party, albeit with the state as a majority shareholder, on the basis that it was constituted under private law, and with staff under private contracts of employment. However, the ECJ held that Article 141 did have direct effect so that the equal pay principle applied to contractual relations between employer and employee in a Member States. This was on the grounds that 'Article 119 is a mandatory in nature'. But because of a general principle of legal certainty, there could not be direct effect for retrospective applications, thus only claims for equal pay already brought at the date of the Defrenne judgment could be pursued in national courts. The Defrenne case also provides an example of the court interpreting the Van Gend En Loos conditions for direct effect flexibly. Article 141 states that 'the application of the principle that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work', and this was deemed to lack sufficient precision to be invoked by a private party and enforced by a national court. This is on the basis that it did not impose a precise negative obligation on the Member States- or Belgium in this case- nor did it provide a clear definition of terms such as 'priciple' or 'pay' or 'equal work'.5 However, the case retains its credibility as the court segregated the principle of equal work, within the article, with the factual uncertainties regarding the terms stipulated. Indeed, the case shows a clear determination by the courts to ensure tht the EC's aims were not ignored by laggard Member States. As a conclusion, therefore, the aforementioned considerations portray that Defrenne was successful in her claims, and the court did give priority to the social, rather than economic, aims of Aritcle 141, upholding 'one of the fundamental human rights', and therefore pursing its obligation to ensure the respect of such rights.6 The case of Baudet7 was another case relying on the success of the Defrenne claim. However, Defrenne was only successful in claiming the first of her three claims- that in respect of wages paid to her during her employment by Sabena. The other two, the indemnity paid to her at the termination of her employment and her pension rights could not be claimed as the court deemed that

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay Example for Free

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay Though none opposes the fact that motivation is the real driving engine of every action, there is considerable differences among the theorists about its mechanism, especially when it comes to explore the possibility to bring out the best out in the employees of an organization, where one school of thought advocates for extrinsic motivation for instant solution and the other insists on capitalizing the long-term efficacy of intrinsic motivation. Under the present context of economic downturn, this issue is extremely important, as extrinsic motivation primarily involves money. Therefore, this paper explores the core elements of motivation and concepts of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards from relevant literature, before coming into its own conclusion. Core of Motivation The core of motivation contains three elements like Consciousness, Inverted Qualia and Absent Qualia. These three together create various mental states. Consciousness It has six major identifiable states like 1. State of awareness: When someone is aware of something (Rosenthal, 1986). 2. Qualitative states: Sensing something out of something like enjoying a meal or experiencing a pain. Such experiences are called qualia, and are regarded as intrinsic, private, ineffable and nomadic features of experience, (Dennet, 1990). 3. Phenomenal states: A state involving more than sensory qualia, covering spatial, temporal and conceptual organization of experiences about the world and the persons inference about it. 4. What-it-is-like states: Associating a sense of experience with another. 5. Access consciousness: Its like seeing a thing and ideating something and then deciding on something, where there may or may not be any relationship among the above-said three stages. 6. Narrative consciousness: This stream of consciousness contains a series of thoughts from the perspective of an actual or merely virtual self (Dennett, 1991). Inverted Qualia It refers to a personal package of intrinsic and intricate experiences, with which humans decipher various external signals and respond to them, where the nature of experience governs the nature of response. The difference in perception causes inverted qualia, as for example someone might like green tea and detest coffee for no unexplainable reasons. This trait has a strong connection with intrinsic motivation (Dennet, 1991) Absent Qualia The concept of absent qualia claims that functional duplicates of a creature would do the same. As for example, if Mr. X likes tea and dislikes coffee, then his absolute clone would also do the same, for which the clone would not need an intricate and intrinsic package of experiences (Dennet, 1991). This concept backs the idea of getting result through extrinsic reward – as for example, if Mr. X and Mr. Y do identical jobs under identical conditions, then if Mr. X feels satisfied with cash reward, Mr.  Y would too follow the suit without a second thought! This study thus highlights two sets of hidden relationships, one, between inverted qualia and intrinsic motivation/rewards, and two, between absent qualia and extrinsic motivation/rewards. In any case, humans (apparently) involuntary association with rewards too has its routes in their perceptions, which maintain a master list of individual desires, and accordingly propel them to fulfill such desires. Put into an imaginary diagram, the mechanism of human mind can look somewhat like below: Mechanism of Motivation Motivating Tools From the organizational perspective, the ways and means to motivate the employees can be many. However, the common ones among them are, 1. Rewards 2. Retention 3. Morale 5. Job-enrichment 6. Reinforcement 1. Rewards System: Rewards or recognition system has a great bearing on the emotional plane of humans. † Every behavior comes out of pain and gain principle, says Khera (2004, p. 110). There can be many types of tangible gains like money, vacations or gifts, or they can be intangible, like recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, etc. 2. Retention: It highly motivates the employees, as Retention is critical to the long term health and success of the company (Heathfield, 2008). 3. Morale: The elements like praise, love and faith can charge up anyone under any circumstance. 4. Job Enrichment: It relates to the in-house grooming of the employees to become an expert in the related field. 5. Reinforcement. By all means, it is a tool to control the employee behavior (Positive, 2000), which binds the company activities together. Other Factors Related to Motivation There are three other factors that can be instrumental to keep employees motivated, and they are: Job Satisfaction, Goal-setting and Performance appraisals. They are considered to be the self-boosters of the employees, and according to Murphy (2001), belief is a thought that causes the power of subconscious to be distributed into all phases of life. Motivation and Reward System Reward systems are created to fuel the employee cooperation, effort and overall satisfaction of all members of the company Cacioppe (1999). Other researchers like Hackman (1997) Shea and Guzzo (1987) too have endorsed this view, and suggested to align rewards with group activities. The basic parameter of the formulating a reward structure, however, is expected to apply the common logic like optimizing the ability of the workforce as a whole, though in practice it might go down to an individual, especially where the work patterns are not interdependent. This situation commands a quick review of the nature of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic Rewards Deci (1975) says that intrinsic rewards evoke a sense of personal causation i. e.  , an inward mechanism serving as the guiding engine for the action, where its elements are usually intangible and working on the plane of ones perception, where the journey is being enjoyed over the outcome. Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic rewards are supposed to generate perceptions of external causation (Deci, 1975) by being mostly tangible in nature – a hike in salary or status, or material gains in other forms. However, researchers like Guzzo, (1979) defies any division in the reward system and considers it a single, usable tools to tweak the frequency of desired response of the employees towards a desired direction. Researchers like Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) placed extrinsic reward as a direct link between stimulus and response, and their views include punishment as a stimulus too, besides subscribing to the power of stimulus. Reaction No matter how much Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) wanted to establish extrinsic motivation as the best motivating tool to earn competitive advantage, extrinsic motivation carries a hidden cost besides the cost involved in its implementation. Researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) used attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behaviors besides others. Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that reinforcement generates two effects for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process; two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better: A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n z. This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work, says Paul Glen (2007), and if one checks the mechanism of motivation, one gets convinced that extrinsic motivation cannot influence the employees to connect emotionally with their work, as it is guided by absent qualia, i. e. , a momentary and involuntary chase, where emotion has no role to play. On the other hand, the intrinsic motivation is guided by inverted qualia, i.  e. , conscious chase and that clearly takes along emotion in its journey and influence the human mind in no less than six ways. Conclusion The research and discussion above clearly shows that extrinsic motivation system can be a threat in disguise for the organizations especially under the present context of economic downturn, while intrinsic motivation can be the ideal solution under the same circumstance, where it can raise emotional attachment with the organization and inspire the employees to produce more for less. References Cacioppe, R. (1999). Using team-individual reward and recognition strategies to drive organizational success. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 20(6), pp. 322-331. Deci, E. and Ryan, R. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Press. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum. Denett, D. C. (1990). Quining qualia. In Mind and Cognition, W. Lycan (Ed. ), Oxford: Blackwell, 519-548. Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Glen, P. (2007). You Cant Outsource Retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007. Guzzo, R. A. (1979). Types of rewards, cognitions, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 4(1), pp. 75-86. Hackman, J. R. (1997). Why teams dont work. In R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, E. J. Posavac (Eds. ) Applications of theory and research on groups to social issues. New York: Plenum.

Acquired Immune Difficiency Syndrome :: essays research papers

Acquired Immune Difficiency Syndrome AIDS is a life and death issue. To have the AIDS diseas is at present a sentence of slow but inevitable death. I've already lost one friend to AIDS. I may soon lose others. My own sexual behavior and that of many of my friends has been profoundly altered by it. In my part of the country, one man in10 may already be carrying the AIDS virus. While the figures may currently be less in much of the rest of the country, this is changing rapidly. There currently is neither a cure, nor even an effective treatment, and no vaccine either. But there are things that have been PROVEN immensely effective in slowing the spread of this hideously lethal disease. In this essay I hope to present this information. History and Overview AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Defficiency Disease. It is caused by a virus. The disease originated somewhere in Africa about 20 years ago. There it first appeared as a mysterious ailment afflicting primarily heterosexuals of both sexes. It probably was spread especially fast by primarily female prostitutes there. AIDS has already become a crisis of STAGGERING proportions in parts of Africa. In Zaire, it is estimated that over twenty percent of the adults currently carry the virus. That figure is increasing. And what occurred there will, if no cure is found, most likely occur here among heterosexual folks. AIDS was first seen as a disease of gay males in this country. This was a result of the fact that gay males in this culture in the days before AIDS had an average of 200 to 400 new sexual contacts per year. This figure was much higher than common practice among heterosexual (straight) men or women. In addition, it turned out that rectal sex was a particularly effective way to transmit the disease, and rectal sex is a common practice among gay males. For these reasons, the disease spread in the gay male population of this country immensely more quickly than in other populations. It became to be thought of as a "gay disease". Because the disease is spread primarily by exposure of ones blood to infected blood or semen, I.V. drug addicts who shared needles also soon were identified as an affected group. As the AIDS epidemic began to affect increasingly large fractions of those two populations (gay males and IV drug abusers), many of the rest of this society looked on smugly, for both populations tended to be despised by the "mainstream" of society here. But AIDS is also spread by heterosexual sex. In addition, it

Nature vs. Nurture

Nature Vs. Nurture For centuries psychologists have argued over which plays the larger role in child development, heredity or environment. One of the first theories was proposed in the seventeenth century by the British philosopher John Locke. Locke believed that a child was born with an empty mind, tabula rasa (meaning â€Å"blank slate†) and that everything the child learns comes from experience, nothing is established beforehand. Years later, Charles Darwin brought forth his theory of evolution, which led to a return of the hereditarian viewpoint. With the twentieth century, however, came the rise of behaviorism. Behaviorists, like John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, argued that a child can be made into any kind of person, regardless of their heredity. Today, most psychologists agree that both nature (genes) and nurture (environment) play an important role, not independently, but as they interact together (Atkinson, p. 72). One of the most important factors believed to influence a child are parents. Parents are known to share a distinctive bond with their children. This special bond is what enables parents to shape their children. Whether it is into free-willed adolescents, ready to challenge any controversy, or into caring adults willing to spend the seventy cents a day to save a poverty stricken child. Parents have the power to mold their children. Setting firm, yet sensible, guidelines teaches children discipline and good behavior. Using physical abuse produces aggressive children, but having patience and understanding leaves a child better capable to handle stress in later years. How parents raise their children influences how they will turn out (Begley, p. 53). Surprisingly, a new debate is taking place. As the author of The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do; Parents Matter Less Than You Think and Peers Matter More, Judith Rich Harris argues that parents have absolutely no say in what kind of children they raise. She claims that after the parents contribute an egg or sperm filled with DNA, their job of â€Å"creating† a child is complete. Her book is backed by some 750 references, but most of her conclusions come from the observation of her own two daughters; one her own and one adopted (Begley, p. 53). Parents, however, do play an important role in childhood development. For the purposes of this essay, her theory that parents have no lasting effects on a child's personality will be argued. The following contains supporting scientific evidence. The DNA structure of a human, the genes, determines the height a person will reach, whether an individual's eyes will be green or brown, and if a person's hair will be straight or curly (Saplosky, p. 44). Research has also found that genes are 30 to 70 percent responsible for personality traits such as aggression, passion, shyness and intelligence. The other 30 to 70 percent of a person's personality develop from the environment (Pool, p. 2). Genes, however, are not what produces a behavior, an emotion, or even a thought. Instead, genes produce a protein that contains hormones, which carry messages between cells, and neurotransmitters that carry messages between nerve cells. The protein also contains receptors that receive the hormonal and neurotransmitter messages as well as enzymes that read the messages. So what does all this have to do with behavior? Well, the hormone does not cause a behavior either, but rather a reaction. This reaction is a tendency to respond to the individual's environment in a certain way. This response is behavior. Without the ever changing environment, behavior would not happen (Saplosky, p. 42-43). Wouldn't this fact make everyone act the same? Everyone lives in the same world. Everyone is facing the same problems of a growing population, pollution, and disintegrating resources. Wouldn't this make everyone act the same? Not at all. When speaking of the environment that shapes a person's personality, it isn't the environment that the world population shares. It includes more personal things like birth order and personal, unique life experiences. This is the â€Å"environment† that influences behavior. Things like the pollution leave no lasting effect on a child's behavior (Pool, p. 52). Everyone's genes also differ. Of the DNA found in every human being, only 5% can be coded and used to determine which proteins will be used. The other 95% of non coded DNA is used as a instruction manual for the operator. The environment being the operator which regulates the genes. In turn, a personality is produced. As well as having different genes to produce different proteins, the proteins produce hormones at different levels. For example, two people both have the same functioning gene. The hormones produced are the same, but function at different levels. Therefore, one of them may become more prone to depression than the other simply because the proteins in that person's genes function, in a sense, better (Sapolsky, p. 46). Parents can not determine whether or not their family history of shyness is passed on to their children, but they can determine if they are going to let it control their childrens' life. Studies done by Harvard scholar Jerome Kagan prove that parents who push their timid children to try new things end up with children who are far less fearful. On the other hand, overprotective parents did nothing to ease their childrens' discomfort. Intervention studies, studies similar to Kagan's, have shown that parents who purposely change their behavior can change their child's behavior. Although genes cannot be helped, parents can control whether or not they affect the child (Begley, p. 56). Research has also found that a child's experience of his or her parents is an especially strong sculptor in parts of the brain involved with emotion, personality, and behavior. Strong bonds with parents are found to increase a child's ability to learn and cope with stress. On the other hand, abusive parents raise children that in later years grow to express inappropriate aggression and have a small attention span. Having responsive, sensitive parents inspire trust and secure attachments. Yet, insensitive and withdrawn parents create an insecure attachment. Developmental psychologists agree, the bond children have with parents is essential for them to become well-functioning adults (Wright, p. 76). Megan Gunnar, a developmental psychologist at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, studies relationships between parents and children. One of her studies focused on the relationship between attachment security and reaction to stress. Gunnar found that when infants were exposed to stressful situations, such as vaccinations, strangers, or separation from the mother, the stress hormone cortisol was produced. By the age of two, the hormone wasn't produced by the toddlers in stressful situations, although they acted out as if it were. These children, however, had secure attachments to their parents. Children who didn't have the security still produced the hormone cortisol (Wright, p. 76). Harris, who feels parents leave no impression on their children, believes that â€Å"Parental divorce has no lasting effects on the way children behave† (Begley, p. 56). Heredity, she says, is what makes a child act out about or during a divorce. The fact, though, is that the unstable situation of the family causes a child to act out (Edwards, p. 31). For a child, friends, pets, teachers, and others important people may come and go. Parents and their family, however, should always be there for them. When parents divorce, a child may feel lost and may not know how to handle it (Edwards, p. 31). Acting out is one way of showing anger and hurt. Parents, although they don't realize it, are shaping their child's personality. Whether it is by acting out or holding it all in, children are influenced by their parent's actions. Kids will be kids. It's a common phrase. Everybody uses it, but not everybody understands it. Parents often feel that, despite their efforts, their children will do what they want. They'll smoke and drink and party. They'll cuss and cheat. They'll go against their parents wishes. Why? Because human behavior often follows cultural norms (Pinker, p. 94). If the parents did their job well, the rebellion will only be a stage that the child will grow out of. If parents didn't do their job right, the stage may set the mood for the rest of the child's life. Parents are the most influential â€Å"environmental† factors in a child's behavior. A special bond is shared between children and their parents. As Roger Rosenblatt put it, â€Å"We do what we can as parents, one child at a time. We take what we get in our children, and they take what they get in us, making compromises and adjustments where we are able, making rules and explanations, but for the most part letting things happen. . . † (Rosenblatt, p. 90). Genes may determine the possibilities of personality available, but it is the parents that make those possibilities possible. Parents matter. Bibliography: Arkinson, Rita L. â€Å"Psychological Development† Introduction to Psychology. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. , 1993. Begley, Sharon. â€Å"The Parent Trap,† Newsweek, (September 7, 1998). p. 52-59. Edwards, Randall. Divorce Need Not Harm Children. † in Child Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints. Bender, David and Leone, Bruno, Series Editors. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Kevles, Behhyann H. and Daniel J. â€Å"Scapegoat Biology. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 58-62. Pinker, Steven. â€Å"Against Nature. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 92-95. Pool, Robert. â⠂¬Å"Portrait of a Gene Guy. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 51-55. Rosenblatt, Roger. â€Å"A Game of Catch,† Time, Vol. 152 (July 13, 1998). p. 90. Sapolsky, Robert. â€Å"A Gene For Nothing,† Discover, (October 1997). p. 40-46. Waldman, Steven. â€Å"Divorce Harms Children. † in Child Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints. Nature vs. Nurture Nature Vs. Nurture For centuries psychologists have argued over which plays the larger role in child development, heredity or environment. One of the first theories was proposed in the seventeenth century by the British philosopher John Locke. Locke believed that a child was born with an empty mind, tabula rasa (meaning â€Å"blank slate†) and that everything the child learns comes from experience, nothing is established beforehand. Years later, Charles Darwin brought forth his theory of evolution, which led to a return of the hereditarian viewpoint. With the twentieth century, however, came the rise of behaviorism. Behaviorists, like John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, argued that a child can be made into any kind of person, regardless of their heredity. Today, most psychologists agree that both nature (genes) and nurture (environment) play an important role, not independently, but as they interact together (Atkinson, p. 72). One of the most important factors believed to influence a child are parents. Parents are known to share a distinctive bond with their children. This special bond is what enables parents to shape their children. Whether it is into free-willed adolescents, ready to challenge any controversy, or into caring adults willing to spend the seventy cents a day to save a poverty stricken child. Parents have the power to mold their children. Setting firm, yet sensible, guidelines teaches children discipline and good behavior. Using physical abuse produces aggressive children, but having patience and understanding leaves a child better capable to handle stress in later years. How parents raise their children influences how they will turn out (Begley, p. 53). Surprisingly, a new debate is taking place. As the author of The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do; Parents Matter Less Than You Think and Peers Matter More, Judith Rich Harris argues that parents have absolutely no say in what kind of children they raise. She claims that after the parents contribute an egg or sperm filled with DNA, their job of â€Å"creating† a child is complete. Her book is backed by some 750 references, but most of her conclusions come from the observation of her own two daughters; one her own and one adopted (Begley, p. 53). Parents, however, do play an important role in childhood development. For the purposes of this essay, her theory that parents have no lasting effects on a child's personality will be argued. The following contains supporting scientific evidence. The DNA structure of a human, the genes, determines the height a person will reach, whether an individual's eyes will be green or brown, and if a person's hair will be straight or curly (Saplosky, p. 44). Research has also found that genes are 30 to 70 percent responsible for personality traits such as aggression, passion, shyness and intelligence. The other 30 to 70 percent of a person's personality develop from the environment (Pool, p. 2). Genes, however, are not what produces a behavior, an emotion, or even a thought. Instead, genes produce a protein that contains hormones, which carry messages between cells, and neurotransmitters that carry messages between nerve cells. The protein also contains receptors that receive the hormonal and neurotransmitter messages as well as enzymes that read the messages. So what does all this have to do with behavior? Well, the hormone does not cause a behavior either, but rather a reaction. This reaction is a tendency to respond to the individual's environment in a certain way. This response is behavior. Without the ever changing environment, behavior would not happen (Saplosky, p. 42-43). Wouldn't this fact make everyone act the same? Everyone lives in the same world. Everyone is facing the same problems of a growing population, pollution, and disintegrating resources. Wouldn't this make everyone act the same? Not at all. When speaking of the environment that shapes a person's personality, it isn't the environment that the world population shares. It includes more personal things like birth order and personal, unique life experiences. This is the â€Å"environment† that influences behavior. Things like the pollution leave no lasting effect on a child's behavior (Pool, p. 52). Everyone's genes also differ. Of the DNA found in every human being, only 5% can be coded and used to determine which proteins will be used. The other 95% of non coded DNA is used as a instruction manual for the operator. The environment being the operator which regulates the genes. In turn, a personality is produced. As well as having different genes to produce different proteins, the proteins produce hormones at different levels. For example, two people both have the same functioning gene. The hormones produced are the same, but function at different levels. Therefore, one of them may become more prone to depression than the other simply because the proteins in that person's genes function, in a sense, better (Sapolsky, p. 46). Parents can not determine whether or not their family history of shyness is passed on to their children, but they can determine if they are going to let it control their childrens' life. Studies done by Harvard scholar Jerome Kagan prove that parents who push their timid children to try new things end up with children who are far less fearful. On the other hand, overprotective parents did nothing to ease their childrens' discomfort. Intervention studies, studies similar to Kagan's, have shown that parents who purposely change their behavior can change their child's behavior. Although genes cannot be helped, parents can control whether or not they affect the child (Begley, p. 56). Research has also found that a child's experience of his or her parents is an especially strong sculptor in parts of the brain involved with emotion, personality, and behavior. Strong bonds with parents are found to increase a child's ability to learn and cope with stress. On the other hand, abusive parents raise children that in later years grow to express inappropriate aggression and have a small attention span. Having responsive, sensitive parents inspire trust and secure attachments. Yet, insensitive and withdrawn parents create an insecure attachment. Developmental psychologists agree, the bond children have with parents is essential for them to become well-functioning adults (Wright, p. 76). Megan Gunnar, a developmental psychologist at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, studies relationships between parents and children. One of her studies focused on the relationship between attachment security and reaction to stress. Gunnar found that when infants were exposed to stressful situations, such as vaccinations, strangers, or separation from the mother, the stress hormone cortisol was produced. By the age of two, the hormone wasn't produced by the toddlers in stressful situations, although they acted out as if it were. These children, however, had secure attachments to their parents. Children who didn't have the security still produced the hormone cortisol (Wright, p. 76). Harris, who feels parents leave no impression on their children, believes that â€Å"Parental divorce has no lasting effects on the way children behave† (Begley, p. 56). Heredity, she says, is what makes a child act out about or during a divorce. The fact, though, is that the unstable situation of the family causes a child to act out (Edwards, p. 31). For a child, friends, pets, teachers, and others important people may come and go. Parents and their family, however, should always be there for them. When parents divorce, a child may feel lost and may not know how to handle it (Edwards, p. 31). Acting out is one way of showing anger and hurt. Parents, although they don't realize it, are shaping their child's personality. Whether it is by acting out or holding it all in, children are influenced by their parent's actions. Kids will be kids. It's a common phrase. Everybody uses it, but not everybody understands it. Parents often feel that, despite their efforts, their children will do what they want. They'll smoke and drink and party. They'll cuss and cheat. They'll go against their parents wishes. Why? Because human behavior often follows cultural norms (Pinker, p. 94). If the parents did their job well, the rebellion will only be a stage that the child will grow out of. If parents didn't do their job right, the stage may set the mood for the rest of the child's life. Parents are the most influential â€Å"environmental† factors in a child's behavior. A special bond is shared between children and their parents. As Roger Rosenblatt put it, â€Å"We do what we can as parents, one child at a time. We take what we get in our children, and they take what they get in us, making compromises and adjustments where we are able, making rules and explanations, but for the most part letting things happen. . . † (Rosenblatt, p. 90). Genes may determine the possibilities of personality available, but it is the parents that make those possibilities possible. Parents matter. Bibliography: Arkinson, Rita L. â€Å"Psychological Development† Introduction to Psychology. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. , 1993. Begley, Sharon. â€Å"The Parent Trap,† Newsweek, (September 7, 1998). p. 52-59. Edwards, Randall. Divorce Need Not Harm Children. † in Child Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints. Bender, David and Leone, Bruno, Series Editors. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Kevles, Behhyann H. and Daniel J. â€Å"Scapegoat Biology. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 58-62. Pinker, Steven. â€Å"Against Nature. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 92-95. Pool, Robert. â⠂¬Å"Portrait of a Gene Guy. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 51-55. Rosenblatt, Roger. â€Å"A Game of Catch,† Time, Vol. 152 (July 13, 1998). p. 90. Sapolsky, Robert. â€Å"A Gene For Nothing,† Discover, (October 1997). p. 40-46. Waldman, Steven. â€Å"Divorce Harms Children. † in Child Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints. Nature vs. Nurture Nature Vs. Nurture For centuries psychologists have argued over which plays the larger role in child development, heredity or environment. One of the first theories was proposed in the seventeenth century by the British philosopher John Locke. Locke believed that a child was born with an empty mind, tabula rasa (meaning â€Å"blank slate†) and that everything the child learns comes from experience, nothing is established beforehand. Years later, Charles Darwin brought forth his theory of evolution, which led to a return of the hereditarian viewpoint. With the twentieth century, however, came the rise of behaviorism. Behaviorists, like John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, argued that a child can be made into any kind of person, regardless of their heredity. Today, most psychologists agree that both nature (genes) and nurture (environment) play an important role, not independently, but as they interact together (Atkinson, p. 72). One of the most important factors believed to influence a child are parents. Parents are known to share a distinctive bond with their children. This special bond is what enables parents to shape their children. Whether it is into free-willed adolescents, ready to challenge any controversy, or into caring adults willing to spend the seventy cents a day to save a poverty stricken child. Parents have the power to mold their children. Setting firm, yet sensible, guidelines teaches children discipline and good behavior. Using physical abuse produces aggressive children, but having patience and understanding leaves a child better capable to handle stress in later years. How parents raise their children influences how they will turn out (Begley, p. 53). Surprisingly, a new debate is taking place. As the author of The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do; Parents Matter Less Than You Think and Peers Matter More, Judith Rich Harris argues that parents have absolutely no say in what kind of children they raise. She claims that after the parents contribute an egg or sperm filled with DNA, their job of â€Å"creating† a child is complete. Her book is backed by some 750 references, but most of her conclusions come from the observation of her own two daughters; one her own and one adopted (Begley, p. 53). Parents, however, do play an important role in childhood development. For the purposes of this essay, her theory that parents have no lasting effects on a child's personality will be argued. The following contains supporting scientific evidence. The DNA structure of a human, the genes, determines the height a person will reach, whether an individual's eyes will be green or brown, and if a person's hair will be straight or curly (Saplosky, p. 44). Research has also found that genes are 30 to 70 percent responsible for personality traits such as aggression, passion, shyness and intelligence. The other 30 to 70 percent of a person's personality develop from the environment (Pool, p. 2). Genes, however, are not what produces a behavior, an emotion, or even a thought. Instead, genes produce a protein that contains hormones, which carry messages between cells, and neurotransmitters that carry messages between nerve cells. The protein also contains receptors that receive the hormonal and neurotransmitter messages as well as enzymes that read the messages. So what does all this have to do with behavior? Well, the hormone does not cause a behavior either, but rather a reaction. This reaction is a tendency to respond to the individual's environment in a certain way. This response is behavior. Without the ever changing environment, behavior would not happen (Saplosky, p. 42-43). Wouldn't this fact make everyone act the same? Everyone lives in the same world. Everyone is facing the same problems of a growing population, pollution, and disintegrating resources. Wouldn't this make everyone act the same? Not at all. When speaking of the environment that shapes a person's personality, it isn't the environment that the world population shares. It includes more personal things like birth order and personal, unique life experiences. This is the â€Å"environment† that influences behavior. Things like the pollution leave no lasting effect on a child's behavior (Pool, p. 52). Everyone's genes also differ. Of the DNA found in every human being, only 5% can be coded and used to determine which proteins will be used. The other 95% of non coded DNA is used as a instruction manual for the operator. The environment being the operator which regulates the genes. In turn, a personality is produced. As well as having different genes to produce different proteins, the proteins produce hormones at different levels. For example, two people both have the same functioning gene. The hormones produced are the same, but function at different levels. Therefore, one of them may become more prone to depression than the other simply because the proteins in that person's genes function, in a sense, better (Sapolsky, p. 46). Parents can not determine whether or not their family history of shyness is passed on to their children, but they can determine if they are going to let it control their childrens' life. Studies done by Harvard scholar Jerome Kagan prove that parents who push their timid children to try new things end up with children who are far less fearful. On the other hand, overprotective parents did nothing to ease their childrens' discomfort. Intervention studies, studies similar to Kagan's, have shown that parents who purposely change their behavior can change their child's behavior. Although genes cannot be helped, parents can control whether or not they affect the child (Begley, p. 56). Research has also found that a child's experience of his or her parents is an especially strong sculptor in parts of the brain involved with emotion, personality, and behavior. Strong bonds with parents are found to increase a child's ability to learn and cope with stress. On the other hand, abusive parents raise children that in later years grow to express inappropriate aggression and have a small attention span. Having responsive, sensitive parents inspire trust and secure attachments. Yet, insensitive and withdrawn parents create an insecure attachment. Developmental psychologists agree, the bond children have with parents is essential for them to become well-functioning adults (Wright, p. 76). Megan Gunnar, a developmental psychologist at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, studies relationships between parents and children. One of her studies focused on the relationship between attachment security and reaction to stress. Gunnar found that when infants were exposed to stressful situations, such as vaccinations, strangers, or separation from the mother, the stress hormone cortisol was produced. By the age of two, the hormone wasn't produced by the toddlers in stressful situations, although they acted out as if it were. These children, however, had secure attachments to their parents. Children who didn't have the security still produced the hormone cortisol (Wright, p. 76). Harris, who feels parents leave no impression on their children, believes that â€Å"Parental divorce has no lasting effects on the way children behave† (Begley, p. 56). Heredity, she says, is what makes a child act out about or during a divorce. The fact, though, is that the unstable situation of the family causes a child to act out (Edwards, p. 31). For a child, friends, pets, teachers, and others important people may come and go. Parents and their family, however, should always be there for them. When parents divorce, a child may feel lost and may not know how to handle it (Edwards, p. 31). Acting out is one way of showing anger and hurt. Parents, although they don't realize it, are shaping their child's personality. Whether it is by acting out or holding it all in, children are influenced by their parent's actions. Kids will be kids. It's a common phrase. Everybody uses it, but not everybody understands it. Parents often feel that, despite their efforts, their children will do what they want. They'll smoke and drink and party. They'll cuss and cheat. They'll go against their parents wishes. Why? Because human behavior often follows cultural norms (Pinker, p. 94). If the parents did their job well, the rebellion will only be a stage that the child will grow out of. If parents didn't do their job right, the stage may set the mood for the rest of the child's life. Parents are the most influential â€Å"environmental† factors in a child's behavior. A special bond is shared between children and their parents. As Roger Rosenblatt put it, â€Å"We do what we can as parents, one child at a time. We take what we get in our children, and they take what they get in us, making compromises and adjustments where we are able, making rules and explanations, but for the most part letting things happen. . . † (Rosenblatt, p. 90). Genes may determine the possibilities of personality available, but it is the parents that make those possibilities possible. Parents matter. Bibliography: Arkinson, Rita L. â€Å"Psychological Development† Introduction to Psychology. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. , 1993. Begley, Sharon. â€Å"The Parent Trap,† Newsweek, (September 7, 1998). p. 52-59. Edwards, Randall. Divorce Need Not Harm Children. † in Child Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints. Bender, David and Leone, Bruno, Series Editors. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Kevles, Behhyann H. and Daniel J. â€Å"Scapegoat Biology. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 58-62. Pinker, Steven. â€Å"Against Nature. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 92-95. Pool, Robert. â⠂¬Å"Portrait of a Gene Guy. † Discover, (October 1997). p. 51-55. Rosenblatt, Roger. â€Å"A Game of Catch,† Time, Vol. 152 (July 13, 1998). p. 90. Sapolsky, Robert. â€Å"A Gene For Nothing,† Discover, (October 1997). p. 40-46. Waldman, Steven. â€Å"Divorce Harms Children. † in Child Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints.

Mod C Essay - 899 Words

Representations are not merely objective truth, but encompass conscious selectivity and emphasis which shape and define the meaning we derive from a text. The importance of the Smithsonians Bearing Witness to History site as both a historical and American representation causes a divergence in its purpose, between its obligation for factual accuracy and intrinsic support of specific cultural values. Deepa Mehtas film Earth (1996) demonstrates the manipulation of texts to shape the meaning we derive from the past, influenced by our memory of the past, distorted by personal context. Despite delving into different historical events, each text demonstrates the complementary relationship of historical truth and memory, a constructed dynamic†¦show more content†¦The Smithsonian Museum is a selective representation that allow an intuitive recollection of history oriented by our personal experience, whilst challenging the inflexible traditional museum through its ability to be altere d and manipulated by our personal memory and reminiscence. Continuous uploading and addition of new content in conjunction with constantly altering graphics ensures that the website is viewed differently by every responder, allowing our memory of the 9/11 to steer our interpretation of the text. The provision of a Tell your story link, directing responders to help document this historic event, places equal academic validity in the function of memory as that of an artefact, and in doing so, essentially intertwines the roles of history and memory as being complementary in the documentation of fact. Supporting this distinct representation of 9/11, the title of the website Bearing Witness to History allows the individual testimonies of its responders to enhance this representation of a unified response to the attack. This is supported by curator William Yeingst whoShow MoreRelatedHsc Essay Mod C Julius Caesar1419 Words   |  6 PagesComposers of texts present a biased attitude to the events, personalities or situations represented. In various texts such as Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar† and Leunig’s cartoon â€Å"Yet another picture with the wrong caption†, the composers bias is evident even though conflicting perspectives towards the personality are presented. 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